Covey L S, Zang E A, Wynder E L
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
Am J Public Health. 1992 Sep;82(9):1230-4. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.9.1230.
In this study we examined the relationship between occupational status and smoking habits in men and women during the period from 1977 to 1990.
Cigarette smoking and occupational history were obtained from 8045 men and women who served as controls for a hospital-based study of tobacco-related diseases.
There was an association between increasing occupational status and tobacco exposure in men, but not in women. The quit rate increased over time in all sex-occupational groups except for male laborers, whose quit rate remained constant. Nicotine-dependent smokers are likely to find it difficult to quit. Male nicotine-dependent smokers were consistently found in greater numbers among blue collar workers throughout the study period. Initially, female nicotine-dependent smokers were more often found among blue collar workers, but in recent years became more frequent among white collar workers.
These trends provide clues to the future epidemiological distribution of lung cancer and other tobacco-related diseases. An understanding of gender differences in the occupational profile of cigarette smokers can provide guidelines for effective antismoking interventions.
在本研究中，我们调查了1977年至1990年期间男性和女性的职业状况与吸烟习惯之间的关系。
从8045名男性和女性中获取吸烟情况和职业史，这些人作为一项基于医院的烟草相关疾病研究的对照。
男性职业地位的提高与烟草暴露之间存在关联，而女性则不然。除男性劳动者外，所有性别职业组的戒烟率都随时间上升，男性劳动者的戒烟率保持不变。尼古丁依赖吸烟者可能会发现戒烟困难。在整个研究期间，蓝领工人中男性尼古丁依赖吸烟者的数量一直较多。最初，女性尼古丁依赖吸烟者在蓝领工人中更为常见，但近年来在白领工人中更为频繁。
这些趋势为肺癌和其他烟草相关疾病未来的流行病学分布提供了线索。了解吸烟者职业概况中的性别差异可为有效的反吸烟干预提供指导。
