Sorensen G, Stoddard A, Hunt M K, Hebert J R, Ockene J K, Avrunin J S, Himmelstein J, Hammond S K
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Am J Public Health. 1998 Nov;88(11):1685-90. doi: 10.2105/ajph.88.11.1685.
This study assessed the effects of a 2-year integrated health promotion-health protection work-site intervention on changes in dietary habits and cigarette smoking.
A randomized, controlled intervention study used the work site as the unit of intervention and analysis; it included 24 predominantly manufacturing work sites in Massachusetts (250-2500 workers per site). Behaviors were assessed in self-administered surveys (n = 2386; completion rates = 61% at baseline, 62% at final). Three key intervention elements targeted health behavior change: (1) joint worker-management participation in program planning and implementation, (2) consultation with management on work-site environmental changes, and (3) health education programs.
Significant differences between intervention and control work sites included reductions in the percentage of calories consumed as fat (2.3% vs 1.5% kcal) and increases in servings of fruit and vegetables (10% vs 4% increase). The intervention had a significant effect on fiber consumption among skilled and unskilled laborers. No significant effects were observed for smoking cessation.
Although the size of the effects of this intervention are modest, on a populationwide basis effects of this size could have a large impact on cancer-related and coronary heart disease end points.
本研究评估了一项为期两年的综合健康促进 - 健康保护工作场所干预措施对饮食习惯和吸烟行为变化的影响。
一项随机对照干预研究以工作场所作为干预和分析单位；该研究纳入了马萨诸塞州的24个主要制造工作场所（每个场所250 - 2500名工人）。通过自我管理的调查问卷评估行为（n = 2386；基线完成率 = 61%，最终完成率 = 62%）。三项关键干预要素旨在改变健康行为：（1）工人与管理层共同参与项目规划和实施，（2）就工作场所环境变化与管理层进行协商，（3）开展健康教育项目。
干预组和对照组工作场所之间的显著差异包括脂肪摄入热量百分比的降低（2.3% 对 1.5%千卡）以及水果和蔬菜摄入量的增加（增加10% 对 4%）。该干预对熟练和非熟练劳动者的纤维摄入量有显著影响。未观察到戒烟方面的显著效果。
尽管这项干预措施的效果规模较小，但在全人群基础上，这种规模的效果可能对癌症相关和冠心病终点产生重大影响。
