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The effect of hydrolyzed cow's milk formula for allergy prevention in the first year of life: the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study, a randomized double-blind trial.水解牛奶配方奶粉对生命第一年预防过敏的效果：德国婴儿营养干预研究，一项随机双盲试验。
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Long-term relation between breastfeeding and development of atopy and asthma in children and young adults: a longitudinal study.母乳喂养与儿童及青年特应性疾病和哮喘发生发展的长期关系：一项纵向研究。
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Development of wheezing disorders and asthma in preschool children.学龄前儿童喘息性疾病和哮喘的发展
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A birth cohort study of subjects at risk of atopy: twenty-two-year follow-up of wheeze and atopic status.一项针对有特应性风险受试者的出生队列研究：喘息和特应性状态的22年随访
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Jan 15;165(2):176-80. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.165.2.2104032.
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The pattern of atopic sensitization is associated with the development of asthma in childhood.特应性致敏模式与儿童哮喘的发生有关。
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Environmental associations with eczema in early life.早期生活中环境与湿疹的关联。
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Relation of infant diet to childhood health: seven year follow up of cohort of children in Dundee infant feeding study.婴儿饮食与儿童健康的关系：邓迪婴儿喂养研究队列的七年随访
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Sensitization to hen's egg at the age of twelve months is predictive for allergic sensitization to common indoor and outdoor allergens at the age of three years.12个月大时对鸡蛋过敏可预测3岁时对常见室内和室外过敏原的过敏致敏情况。
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固体食物的引入与哮喘和湿疹的关系。

The introduction of solids in relation to asthma and eczema.

作者信息

Zutavern A, von Mutius E, Harris J, Mills P, Moffatt S, White C, Cullinan P

机构信息

Dr von Haunersches Kinderspital (University Children's Hospital), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Imperial College of Science and Technology, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK.

出版信息

Arch Dis Child. 2004 Apr;89(4):303-8. doi: 10.1136/adc.2002.025353.

DOI:10.1136/adc.2002.025353
PMID:15033835
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1719882/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Despite scarce scientific evidence, current feeding guidelines recommend delayed introduction of solids for the prevention of asthma and allergy.

AIMS

To explore whether late introduction of solids is protective against the development of asthma, eczema, and atopy.

METHODS

A total of 642 children were recruited before birth and followed to the age of 5(1/2) years. Main outcome measures were: doctor's diagnosis of eczema ever, atopy according to skin prick test results against inhalant allergens, preschool wheezing, transient wheezing, all defined at age 5-5(1/2) years. Introduction of solids as main exposure measure was assessed retrospectively at age 1 year.

RESULTS

There was no evidence for a protective effect of late introduction of solids for the development of preschool wheezing, transient wheezing, atopy, or eczema. On the contrary, there was a statistically significant increased risk of eczema in relation to late introduction of egg (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.4) and milk (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5). Late introduction of egg was furthermore associated with a non-significant increased risk of preschool wheezing (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 0.92 to 2.4). There was no statistical evidence of feeding practices playing a different role in the development of asthma and eczema after stratification for parental asthma and atopy status.

CONCLUSIONS

Results do not support the recommendations given by present feeding guidelines stating that a delayed introduction of solids is protective against the development of asthma and allergy.

摘要

背景

尽管缺乏科学证据，但当前的喂养指南仍建议推迟引入固体食物以预防哮喘和过敏。

目的

探讨推迟引入固体食物是否对哮喘、湿疹和特应性疾病的发生具有保护作用。

方法

共招募了642名儿童，从出生前开始追踪至5岁半。主要结局指标包括：5至5岁半时医生诊断的湿疹、根据吸入性过敏原皮肤点刺试验结果诊断的特应性疾病、学龄前喘息、短暂性喘息。1岁时回顾性评估引入固体食物这一主要暴露指标。

结果

没有证据表明推迟引入固体食物对学龄前喘息、短暂性喘息、特应性疾病或湿疹的发生具有保护作用。相反，与推迟引入鸡蛋（调整后比值比1.6，95%置信区间1.1至2.4）和牛奶（调整后比值比1.7，95%置信区间1.1至2.5）相关的湿疹风险在统计学上显著增加。此外，推迟引入鸡蛋还与学龄前喘息风险非显著增加相关（调整后比值比1.5，95%置信区间0.92至2.4）。在根据父母哮喘和特应性疾病状态进行分层后，没有统计学证据表明喂养方式在哮喘和湿疹的发生中起不同作用。

结论

研究结果不支持当前喂养指南中关于推迟引入固体食物可预防哮喘和过敏发生的建议。