Raynor H A, Jeffery R W, Tate D F, Wing R R
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 Jun;28(6):813-20. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802612.
Experimental studies show diets with greater variety in energy-dense foods increase consumption and body weight. Reducing variety in energy-dense food groups may decrease energy and dietary fat intake, promoting weight loss.
This study examined changes in food group variety during obesity treatment and the relation between changes in food group variety, dietary intake, and weight.
Overweight men and women (n=202) were randomly assigned to one of two standard behavioral treatments with varying exercise prescriptions (exercise level of 4186 kJ/week (1000 kcal/week) or 10465 kJ/week (2500 kcal/week)), but received the same diet. Complete measures were obtained from 122 participants, of which 70 (58%) were female, with a mean body mass index of 31.3 kg/m(2) (s.d.=2.5).
Food group variety and diet composition were assessed at 0, 6, and 18 months from food-frequency questionnaires. Food group variety was calculated as percent of foods consumed on a weekly basis within a food group, irrespective of servings consumed.
Participants reported increased variety (P</=0.001) in low-fat breads (LFB) and vegetables, and decreased variety (P</=0.001) in high-fat foods (HFF), and fats, oils, and sweets (FOS) over the course of the 18-month study. From 0 to 6 months, decreased HFF and FOS variety was associated with reduced energy and percent dietary fat intake, and decreased HFF variety was related to weight loss. From 6 to 18 months, decreased HFF variety and increased LFB variety was associated with reduced percent dietary fat consumed and weight loss.
Changing variety in specific food groups may help in adopting and sustaining a diet low in energy and fat, producing better weight loss and weight loss maintenance.
实验研究表明，能量密集型食物种类更多的饮食会增加食物摄入量和体重。减少能量密集型食物组的种类可能会减少能量和膳食脂肪摄入，从而促进体重减轻。
本研究考察了肥胖治疗期间食物组种类的变化，以及食物组种类变化、饮食摄入与体重之间的关系。
超重男性和女性（n = 202）被随机分配到两种标准行为治疗中的一种，运动处方不同（运动水平为每周4186千焦（1000千卡）或每周10465千焦（2500千卡）），但接受相同的饮食。从122名参与者那里获得了完整的数据，其中70名（58%）为女性，平均体重指数为31.3千克/平方米（标准差 = 2.5）。
在第0、6和18个月通过食物频率问卷评估食物组种类和饮食组成。食物组种类按每周在一个食物组内所食用食物的百分比计算，不考虑食用份数。
在为期18个月的研究过程中，参与者报告称，低脂面包（LFB）和蔬菜的种类增加（P≤0.001），高脂肪食物（HFF）以及脂肪、油和甜食（FOS）的种类减少（P≤0.001）。从第0个月到第6个月，HFF和FOS种类的减少与能量和膳食脂肪摄入量百分比的降低相关，HFF种类的减少与体重减轻相关。从第6个月到第18个月，HFF种类的减少和LFB种类的增加与膳食脂肪摄入量百分比的降低和体重减轻相关。
改变特定食物组的种类可能有助于采用并维持低能量和低脂肪饮食，从而实现更好的体重减轻和体重维持效果。
