Rosso Francesco, Giordano Antonio, Barbarisi Manlio, Barbarisi Alfonso
IX Division of General Surgery and Applied Biotechnology, Department of Anaesthesological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Italy.
J Cell Physiol. 2004 May;199(2):174-80. doi: 10.1002/jcp.10471.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of a complex mixture of structural and functional macromolecules and serves an important role in tissue and organ morphogenesis and in the maintenance of cell and tissue structure and function. The great diversity observed in the morphology and composition of the ECM contributes enormously to the properties and function of each organ and tissue. The ECM is also important during growth, development, and wound repair: its own dynamic composition acts as a reservoir for soluble signaling molecules and mediates signals from other sources to migrating, proliferating, and differentiating cells. Approaches to tissue engineering center on the need to provide signals to cell populations to promote cell proliferation and differentiation. These "external signals" are generated from growth factors, cell-ECM, and cell-cell interactions, as well as from physical-chemical and mechanical stimuli. This review considers recent advances in knowledge about cell-ECM interactions. A description of the main ECM molecules and cellular receptors with particular care to integrins and their role in stimulation of specific types of signal transduction pathways is also explained. The general principles of biomaterial design for tissue engineering are considered, with same examples.
细胞外基质（ECM）由结构和功能大分子的复杂混合物组成，在组织和器官形态发生以及维持细胞和组织结构与功能方面发挥着重要作用。在ECM的形态和组成中观察到的巨大多样性极大地促成了每个器官和组织的特性与功能。ECM在生长、发育和伤口修复过程中也很重要：其自身的动态组成充当可溶性信号分子的储存库，并介导来自其他来源的信号传递给迁移、增殖和分化的细胞。组织工程方法的核心在于需要向细胞群体提供信号以促进细胞增殖和分化。这些“外部信号”由生长因子、细胞与ECM的相互作用、细胞与细胞的相互作用以及物理化学和机械刺激产生。本综述探讨了有关细胞与ECM相互作用的最新知识进展。还解释了主要的ECM分子和细胞受体，特别关注整合素及其在刺激特定类型信号转导途径中的作用。文中结合一些实例探讨了组织工程生物材料设计的一般原则。
