Hosking Simon G, Crassini Boris
Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Fishermans Bend, Australia.
J Vis. 2011 May 31;11(6):20. doi: 10.1167/11.6.20.
Previous research has shown that size-dependent errors in time-to-contact (TTC) judgments can be attenuated when approaching objects are familiar to the observer and have a known size. We describe two experiments that show that the effect of size on relative TTC judgments can be modeled on observers' reliance on the instantaneous optic expansion rates of the approaching objects. This reliance on optic expansion rates occurred independently of object familiarity and when the actual TTC of the approaching objects was relatively brief or relatively long. However, observers' sensitivity to differences in TTC was improved for familiar objects when TTC was large. These results are consistent with other research showing that optic expansion rate is a critical variable for judging TTC.
先前的研究表明，当接近的物体为观察者所熟悉且大小已知时，接触时间（TTC）判断中与大小相关的误差可以得到减弱。我们描述了两项实验，结果表明，大小对相对TTC判断的影响可以根据观察者对接近物体的瞬时视觉扩展率的依赖来建模。这种对视觉扩展率的依赖独立于物体的熟悉程度，且在接近物体的实际TTC相对较短或相对较长时都会出现。然而，当TTC较大时，观察者对熟悉物体的TTC差异的敏感度会提高。这些结果与其他研究一致，表明视觉扩展率是判断TTC的关键变量。
