Keller Peter, Stevens Catherine
University of Western Sydney-Bankstown, NSW, Australia.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2004 Mar;10(1):3-12. doi: 10.1037/1076-898X.10.1.3.
This article addresses the learnability of auditory icons, that is, environmental sounds that refer either directly or indirectly to meaningful events. Direct relations use the sound made by the target event whereas indirect relations substitute a surrogate for the target. Across 3 experiments, different indirect relations (ecological, in which target and surrogate coexist in the world; metaphorical, in which target and surrogate have similar appearance or function, and random) were compared with one another and with direct relations on measures including associative strength ratings, amount of exposure required for learning, and response times for recognizing icons. Findings suggest that performance is best with direct relations, worst with random relations, and that ecological and metaphorical relations involve distinct types of association but do not differ in learnability.
本文探讨了听觉图标的可学习性，即直接或间接指代有意义事件的环境声音。直接关系使用目标事件发出的声音，而间接关系则用替代物来代替目标。在3个实验中，将不同的间接关系（生态关系，即目标和替代物在现实世界中共存；隐喻关系，即目标和替代物具有相似的外观或功能，以及随机关系）相互比较，并与直接关系在联想强度评级、学习所需的接触量以及识别图标的反应时间等指标上进行比较。研究结果表明，直接关系的表现最佳，随机关系的表现最差，生态关系和隐喻关系涉及不同类型的联想，但在可学习性方面没有差异。
