Petocz Agnes, Keller Peter E, Stevens Catherine J
School of Psychology, University of Western Sydney - Bankstown, South Penrith DC NSW, Australia.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2008 Jun;14(2):165-78. doi: 10.1037/1076-898X.14.2.165.
In auditory warning design the idea of the strength of the association between sound and referent has been pivotal. Research has proceeded via constructing classification systems of signal-referent associations and then testing predictions about ease of learning of different levels of signal-referent relation strength across and within different types of auditory signal (viz., speech, abstract sounds, and auditory icons). However, progress is hampered by terminological confusions and by neglect of the cognitive contribution (viz., learning) of the person or user. Drawing upon semiotics and cognitive psychology, the authors highlight the indexical (as opposed to iconic) nature of so-called auditory icons, and the authors identify the cogniser as an indispensable element in the tripartite nature of signification. Classifications that neglect this third element, defining signal-referent relation strength only dyadically, yield results confounded by learning; classifications that correctly include the triadic relation yield research predictions that are redundant. These limitations of the standard method of constructing and testing classification systems suggest that auditory warning design must take the cognitive contribution of the user into account at an earlier stage in the design process.
在听觉警告设计中，声音与所指对象之间关联强度的概念一直至关重要。研究是通过构建信号 - 所指对象关联的分类系统，然后测试关于不同类型听觉信号（即语音、抽象声音和听觉图标）之间以及不同类型听觉信号内部不同程度的信号 - 所指对象关系强度的学习难易程度的预测来进行的。然而，术语上的混淆以及对人或用户的认知贡献（即学习）的忽视阻碍了研究进展。作者借鉴符号学和认知心理学，强调了所谓听觉图标的索引性（与象似性相对）本质，并且作者将认知者确定为意义三元本质中不可或缺的元素。那些忽略这第三个元素、仅二元地定义信号 - 所指对象关系强度的分类，会产生因学习而混淆的结果；正确纳入三元关系的分类会产生冗余的研究预测。构建和测试分类系统的标准方法的这些局限性表明，听觉警告设计必须在设计过程的更早阶段就考虑用户的认知贡献。
