Higuchi Takahiro, Takada Hajime, Matsuura Yoshifusa, Imanaka Kuniyasu
Yokohama National University, Japan.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2004 Mar;10(1):55-66. doi: 10.1037/1076-898X.10.1.55.
Locomotion using a wheelchair requires a wider space than does walking. Two experiments were conducted to test the ability of nonhandicapped adults to estimate the spatial requirements for wheelchair use. Participants judged from a distance whether doorlike apertures of various widths were passable or not passable. Experiment 1 showed that participants underestimated the spatial requirements for wheelchair use but overestimated the spatial requirements for walking. Experiment 2 showed that their underestimation improved but was not completely eliminated after 8 days of practice passing through apertures. Analyses of wheelchair performance in the practice condition showed that the underestimation may have arisen from misperception of the positions of the hands when the participants were grasping the wheelchair hand-rims. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
使用轮椅移动所需的空间比步行所需的空间更宽。进行了两项实验，以测试非残疾成年人估计轮椅使用空间需求的能力。参与者从远处判断各种宽度的门状孔径是否可通行。实验1表明，参与者低估了轮椅使用的空间需求，但高估了步行的空间需求。实验2表明，经过8天穿过孔径的练习后，他们的低估情况有所改善，但并未完全消除。对练习条件下轮椅性能的分析表明，这种低估可能是由于参与者握住轮椅手轮时对手部位置的错误感知所致。讨论了这些发现的理论和实际意义。
