Department of Health Promotion Science, Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
Hum Mov Sci. 2009 Dec;28(6):760-71. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2009.07.012. Epub 2009 Sep 26.
The present study investigated spatio-temporal patterns of gaze fixations for passing safely through apertures. We focused on whether fixation patterns changed in response to changes in locomotion forms. Eight participants approached and passed through a narrow doorway using the following locomotion forms: normal walking, walking while holding a 63-cm horizontal bar with or without shoulder rotations permitted, and wheelchair use (63 cm wide). All participants were naïve to wheelchair use. The results showed that the fixation patterns were dependent on whether the locomotion form was walking or wheelchair use. In the three walking conditions, fixations were almost evenly directed toward the aperture and door edges at first; however, in the final phase, fixations were exclusively directed toward the center of the aperture. In contrast, in the wheelchair condition, fixations were directed more frequently toward the door edges throughout locomotion. These findings demonstrate that spatial-temporal patterns of fixation remain unchanged during walking through apertures, irrespective of the constraints on movement. The observed fixation patterns indicate that individuals appear to rely on optic flow to guide locomotion. However, the patterns of fixation are altered when they involve a completely novel task of locomotion, such as when using a wheelchair for the first time.
本研究调查了安全穿过门洞时注视点的时空模式。我们专注于注视模式是否会因运动形式的变化而改变。八名参与者采用以下运动形式接近并穿过一个狭窄的门道：正常行走、行走时手持 63 厘米长的横杆（允许或不允许肩部旋转）和使用轮椅（63 厘米宽）。所有参与者都不熟悉使用轮椅。结果表明，注视模式取决于运动形式是行走还是使用轮椅。在三种行走条件下，最初注视点几乎均匀地指向门洞和门的边缘；然而，在最后阶段，注视点仅指向门洞的中心。相比之下，在轮椅条件下，整个运动过程中注视点更频繁地指向门的边缘。这些发现表明，在穿过门洞时，无论运动受到何种限制，注视的时空模式保持不变。观察到的注视模式表明，个体似乎依赖光流来引导运动。然而，当涉及到完全新颖的运动任务时，例如第一次使用轮椅，注视模式会发生改变。
