Van Vugt Mark, Hart Claire M
School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004 Apr;86(4):585-98. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.4.585.
In 3 experiments, the authors investigated the role of social identity in fostering group loyalty, defined as staying when members can obtain better outcomes by leaving their group. In Experiment 1, high (vs. low) identifiers expressed a stronger desire to stay in the group in the presence of an attractive (vs. unattractive) exit option. Experiments 2 and 3 replicated this basic finding and tested several explanations. The results suggest that high identifiers' group loyalty is better explained by an extremely positive impression of their group membership (group perception) than by a justification of previous investments in the group (self-perception) or their adherence to a nonabandonment norm (norm perception). Hence, social identity seems to act as social glue. It provides stability in groups that would otherwise collapse.
在3项实验中，作者研究了社会身份在培养群体忠诚度方面的作用，群体忠诚度被定义为当成员通过离开群体能够获得更好结果时仍选择留下。在实验1中，高（相对于低）身份认同者在存在有吸引力（相对于无吸引力）的退出选项时，表现出更强的留在群体中的意愿。实验2和实验3重复了这一基本发现并检验了几种解释。结果表明，高身份认同者的群体忠诚度，用他们对群体成员身份的极其积极的印象（群体认知）来解释，比用对之前在群体中的投入的合理化（自我认知）或他们对不抛弃规范的遵守（规范认知）来解释更好。因此，社会身份似乎起到了社会粘合剂的作用。它为那些否则就会瓦解的群体提供稳定性。
