Juffer Femmie, Stams Geert-Jan J M, van Jzendoorn Marinus H I
Leiden University, Center for Child and Family Studies, The Netherlands.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004 May;45(4):697-706. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00264.x.
Many studies have documented that adopted children are at higher risk for behavior problems, but less is known about the correlates of their problem behavior.
The correlates of parent-reported and teacher-reported problem behavior in 7-year-old internationally adopted children (N = 176) were investigated by examining these children's ego resiliency, ego control, and sociometric status, and exploring possible risks factors in the home and racial influences.
Using the 25th percentiles lowest and highest scores on ego resiliency and ego control as cut-off criteria, we found that: (1) resilient children were almost free of behavior problems; (2) overcontrolling children showed predominantly internalizing behavior problems (33% at school, and 28% at home); (3) undercontrolling children showed high rates of externalizing behavior problems (50% at school, and 34% at home), and an elevated rate of comorbidity (21% at school, and 21% at home). Adopted children identified by peer report as controversial or rejected had significantly higher externalizing problem scores than popular, average or neglected adopted children. The adopted children did not experience much (racial) discrimination. Nevertheless, children who wished to be white (46%) presented more mother-reported behavior problems.
Our findings replicate R.W. Robins et al.'s (1996) work on three types of personality functioning: resilients, overcontrollers and undercontrollers (identified by J. Block, 1971), extending the model from adolescent boys to school-aged boys and girls, adopted from Asia and South America. The wish to identify with white parents and white peers may constitute a potential risk factor for internationally adopted children in middle childhood.
许多研究记录了领养儿童出现行为问题的风险更高，但对于其问题行为的相关因素了解较少。
通过考察7岁国际领养儿童（N = 176）的自我恢复力、自我控制能力和社会测量地位，并探究家庭中可能的风险因素和种族影响，对父母报告和教师报告的问题行为的相关因素进行了调查。
以自我恢复力和自我控制能力得分的第25百分位数的最低分和最高分作为划分标准，我们发现：（1）适应能力强的儿童几乎没有行为问题；（2）控制欲过强的儿童主要表现为内化行为问题（在学校为33%，在家为28%）；（3）控制欲不足的儿童外化行为问题发生率较高（在学校为50%，在家为34%），且共病率升高（在学校为21%，在家为21%）。同伴报告显示被认定为有争议或被排斥的领养儿童的外化问题得分显著高于受欢迎、普通或被忽视的领养儿童。领养儿童没有经历太多（种族）歧视。然而，希望成为白人的儿童（46%）母亲报告的行为问题更多。
我们的研究结果重复了R.W. 罗宾斯等人（1996年）关于三种人格功能类型的研究：适应能力强的人、控制欲过强的人和控制欲不足的人（由J. 布洛克于1971年确定），将该模型从青少年男孩扩展到了学龄男孩和女孩，这些儿童来自亚洲和南美洲。认同白人父母和白人同伴的愿望可能是国际领养的学龄儿童的一个潜在风险因素。
