Analysis of expressed sequence tags from roots of resistant soybean infected by the soybean cyst nematode.

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines is the most devastating pest of soybean in the U.S.A. The resistance response elicited by SCN in soybean is complex, and genes involved in the response to a large extent are unknown and not well characterized. We constructed cDNA libraries made from mRNA extracted from roots of the resistant soybean Glycine max L. Merr. 'Peking' at 12 h, 2 to 4 days, and 6 to 8 days post inoculation with the soybean cyst nematode, population NL1-RHp, similar to race 3. Expressed sequence tag analysis of the libraries provides rapid discovery of genes involved in the response of soybean to the nematode. A total of 3454 cDNA clones were examined from the three libraries, of which 25 cDNAs were derived from nematode RNA. The levels of certain stress-induced genes such as SAM22 and glutathione S-transferase (GST8) were elevated in the SCN-infected roots relative to uninoculated roots. Early defense response genes, particularly ascorbate peroxidase and lipoxygenase, were abundant in the 12-h library. By 6-8 days, the expression of most of those genes was not as abundant, whereas genes coding for unknown proteins and stress-induced proteins continued to be highly expressed. These ESTs and associated information will be useful to scientists examining gene and protein interactions between nematodes and plants.