Robinson June K, Rigel Darrell S
Department of Medicine, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
Dermatol Surg. 2004 Apr;30(4 Pt 2):610-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30145.x.
Solid-organ transplant recipients (OTRs) with sun-sensitive skin, a history of sun exposure, and clinical signs of photoaging have an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma.
The objective of this study was to compare the sun protection attitudes and behaviors of OTRs with those of the general public.
In spring 2003, a telephone survey of 200 OTRs and a random sample of 1091 U.S. residents were performed with standardized questions previously used in population surveys.
Seventy-nine percent of OTRs and 69% of the U.S. public believe that the appearance of a tan is attractive. The attitude was expressed more often by men than by women and is not related to the education of the person. A greater proportion of OTRs believed that people looked "healthier" with a tan and 88% of OTRs were not aware of their increased risk of developing skin cancer. Thirty-five percent of OTRs reported regularly using sunscreen, which is the principal form of sun protection used. Women report more regular use of sunscreen than men. OTRs wear less protective clothing and seek less shade when outdoors than the public. Sunburning was reported by 35% of OTRs, which is similar to the rate reported by the public.
OTRs' attitude that people look "better, healthier" with a tan inhibits effective sun protection. Although physicians who care for OTRs provide patient education in the hope that it increases their awareness of their risk of developing skin cancer and will promote change in their sun protection behaviors, the OTRs' perception of risk is influenced by many concerns. Interpersonal motives, particularly for OTRs, the self-presentational ones related to appearance and the social image or prototype of a tanned person being healthy, mitigate risk perception of the health problem. Risk perception does not always inhibit risk behavior; therefore, unprotected sun exposure occurs in OTRs.
具有阳光敏感皮肤、日晒史和光老化临床体征的实体器官移植受者（OTR）发生鳞状细胞癌的风险增加。
本研究的目的是比较OTR与普通公众的防晒态度和行为。
2003年春季，对200名OTR进行了电话调查，并对1091名美国居民进行了随机抽样调查，使用了之前在人口调查中使用过的标准化问题。
79%的OTR和69%的美国公众认为晒黑的外观很有吸引力。男性比女性更常表达这种态度，且与个人教育程度无关。更大比例的OTR认为人们晒黑后看起来“更健康”，88%的OTR没有意识到他们患皮肤癌的风险增加。35%的OTR报告经常使用防晒霜，这是主要的防晒方式。女性报告使用防晒霜比男性更频繁。OTR在户外穿着的防护服较少，寻找阴凉处的次数也比公众少。35%的OTR报告有晒伤情况，这与公众报告的比例相似。
OTR认为人们晒黑后“看起来更好、更健康”的态度阻碍了有效的防晒。尽管照顾OTR的医生提供患者教育，希望提高他们对患皮肤癌风险的认识，并促进他们防晒行为的改变，但OTR对风险的认知受到多种因素的影响。人际动机，特别是对于OTR来说，与外表相关的自我呈现动机以及晒黑的人健康的社会形象或原型，减轻了对健康问题的风险认知。风险认知并不总是抑制风险行为；因此，OTR中存在无保护的阳光暴露情况。
