Oughton D H, Strand P
University of Oslo's Ethics Programme, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
J Environ Radioact. 2004;74(1-3):7-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.010.
A number of international organisations are focussing on a revision of radiation protection policy from the existing system which addresses only effects on man, to one which also addresses effects on the wider environment. These developments are expected to effect a wide range of stakeholders, including industry, regulators, scientists, users and the public. With this in mind a "Consensus Conference on Protection of the Environment" was arranged as part of an International Seminar on "Radiation Protection in the 21st Century: Ethical, Philosophical and Environmental Issues" held at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. The conference attracted 46 international experts representing various disciplines and affiliations including Environmental Science, Health Physics, Radioecology, Ethics and Philosophy and a wide spectrum of perspectives bearing on the question of radiation protection of the environment. The conference was novel in that the participants were professionals rather than laypersons, and the purpose of the consensus procedure was to identify areas of agreement as an input to the ongoing regulatory developments. The success and innovation of the model is reflected in the significant areas of agreement identified in the final consensus statement, and the subsequent interest at an international level. Participants also noted the need for furthering the debate through ongoing work. Notable issues were the harmonisation of standards for radiation with other environmental stressors, guidance for balancing different interests and values within practical management, and the need for assessment criteria.
一些国际组织正致力于将辐射防护政策从现有的仅关注对人类影响的体系，修订为同时关注对更广泛环境影响的体系。这些进展预计会影响众多利益相关者，包括行业、监管机构、科学家、使用者和公众。鉴于此，作为在挪威科学与文学院举办的“21世纪辐射防护：伦理、哲学与环境问题”国际研讨会的一部分，安排了一场“环境保护共识会议”。该会议吸引了46位国际专家，他们代表了包括环境科学、健康物理学、放射生态学、伦理学和哲学等不同学科及背景，以及与环境保护问题相关的广泛观点。此次会议的新颖之处在于参与者是专业人士而非外行，并且共识程序的目的是确定达成一致的领域，为正在进行的监管发展提供参考。该模式的成功与创新体现在最终共识声明中确定的重要一致领域，以及随后在国际层面引起的关注。参与者还指出需要通过持续的工作进一步展开辩论。值得注意的问题包括辐射标准与其他环境压力源的协调、在实际管理中平衡不同利益和价值观的指导方针，以及评估标准的必要性。
