Nafstad Per, Håheim Lise Lund, Wisløff Torbjørn, Gram Frederick, Oftedal Bente, Holme Ingar, Hjermann Ingvar, Leren Paul
Department of General Practice and Community Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, P.B. 1140 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway.
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Apr;112(5):610-5. doi: 10.1289/ehp.6684.
We investigated the association between total and cause-specific mortality and individual measures of long-term air pollution exposure in a cohort of Norwegian men followed from 1972-1973 through 1998. Data from a follow-up study on cardiovascular risk factors among 16,209 men 40-49 years of age living in Oslo, Norway, in 1972-1973 were linked with data from the Norwegian Death Register and with estimates of average yearly air pollution levels at the participants' home addresses from 1974 to 1998. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to estimate associations between exposure and total and cause-specific mortality. During the follow-up time 4,227 men died from a disease corresponding to an ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, Revision 9) code < 800. Controlling for a number of potential confounders, the adjusted risk ratio for dying was 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.11] for a 10- microg/m3 increase in average exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the home address from 1974 through 1978. Corresponding adjusted risk ratios for dying from a respiratory disease other than lung cancer were 1.16 (95% CI, 1.06-1.26); from lung cancer, 1.11 (95% CI, 1.03-1.19); from ischemic heart diseases, 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03-1.12); and from cerebrovascular diseases, 1.04 (95% CI, 0.94-1.15). The findings indicate that urban air pollution may increase the risk of dying. The effect seemed to be strongest for deaths from respiratory diseases other than lung cancer.
我们对一群挪威男性进行了研究，调查了1972年至1973年至1998年期间长期空气污染暴露的总体及特定病因死亡率与个体测量指标之间的关联。1972年至1973年期间，对挪威奥斯陆16209名40至49岁男性进行的心血管危险因素随访研究数据，与挪威死亡登记数据以及1974年至1998年参与者家庭住址的年均空气污染水平估计值相关联。采用Cox比例风险回归来估计暴露与总体及特定病因死亡率之间的关联。在随访期间，4227名男性死于国际疾病分类第九版（ICD - 9）编码小于800的疾病。在控制了一些潜在混杂因素后，1974年至1978年家庭住址处氮氧化物（NOx）平均暴露量每增加10微克/立方米，死亡的调整风险比为1.08 [95%置信区间（CI），1.06 - 1.11]。死于除肺癌外的其他呼吸系统疾病的相应调整风险比为1.16（95% CI，1.06 - 1.26）；死于肺癌的为1.11（95% CI，1.03 - 1.19）；死于缺血性心脏病的为1.08（95% CI，1.03 - 1.12）；死于脑血管疾病的为1.04（95% CI，0.94 - 1.15）。研究结果表明，城市空气污染可能会增加死亡风险。这种影响似乎在死于除肺癌外的其他呼吸系统疾病方面最为显著。
