Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral approaches to chronic pain: recent advances and future directions.

Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral approaches to chronic pain are receiving increasing attention from researchers and clinicians. This article reviews and highlights recent research advances and future research directions. Assessment research reviewed includes studies examining the social context of pain, the relationship of chronic pain to depression, cognitive variables affecting pain, and comprehensive assessment measures. Treatment outcome studies reviewed are those evaluating the effects of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatments for chronic pain. These studies focus on comparisons of behavioral treatment with control conditions, comparisons of two behavioral treatments, and prevention of chronic pain. Future directions for assessment and treatment research are outlined.