Christenson B, Hedlund J, Lundbergh P, Ortqvist A
Dept of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Stockholm County, Sweden.
Eur Respir J. 2004 Mar;23(3):363-8. doi: 10.1183/09031936.04.00063504.
In 1999, all individuals > or = 65 yrs of age (n=258,754) in Stockholm County, Sweden, were offered influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in a prospective study on the effectiveness of these vaccines in reducing the need for hospital treatment and death due to influenza, pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Data on hospitalisation and mortality during 1 yr were obtained from the administrative database in Stockholm County Council. Vaccination was performed in 124,702 (48%) subjects; 72,107 had both vaccines, 29,346 only had the influenza vaccine and 23,249 only had the pneumococcal vaccine. Compared with the unvaccinated cohort, a lower incidence of hospitalisation for all endpoint diagnoses was seen in vaccinated persons. An additive effectiveness of vaccination was seen when both vaccines were given, with a reduction of hospital admissions for influenza (37%), pneumonia (29%) and IPD (44%). In-hospital mortality for pneumonia was significantly lower in those who received both vaccines, than in unvaccinated persons. To conclude, vaccination with influenza and pneumococcal vaccines together was effective in reducing the need for hospital admission for influenza and pneumonia. There was a strong indication that pneumococcal vaccination alone, was effective not only in the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease, but also of pneumonia overall, although to a low degree.
1999年，在瑞典斯德哥尔摩郡对所有年龄大于或等于65岁（n = 258,754）的个体进行了一项前瞻性研究，以探讨流感疫苗和肺炎球菌疫苗在减少因流感、肺炎和侵袭性肺炎球菌病（IPD）导致的住院治疗需求和死亡方面的有效性。从斯德哥尔摩郡议会的行政数据库中获取了1年期间的住院和死亡数据。124,702名（48%）受试者接受了疫苗接种；72,107人接种了两种疫苗，29,346人仅接种了流感疫苗，23,249人仅接种了肺炎球菌疫苗。与未接种疫苗的队列相比，接种疫苗的人所有终点诊断的住院发生率较低。当两种疫苗都接种时，观察到疫苗接种具有累加有效性，流感住院人数减少了37%，肺炎住院人数减少了29%，IPD住院人数减少了44%。接种两种疫苗的人肺炎的院内死亡率显著低于未接种疫苗的人。总之，同时接种流感疫苗和肺炎球菌疫苗在减少流感和肺炎的住院需求方面是有效的。有强烈迹象表明，单独接种肺炎球菌疫苗不仅对预防侵袭性肺炎球菌病有效，而且对总体肺炎也有效，尽管效果程度较低。
