Scott Ninecia R, Mann Beth, Tuomanen Elaine I, Orihuela Carlos J
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Mar 2;9(3):209. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9030209.
() is a bacterial pathogen known to colonize the upper respiratory tract and cause serious opportunistic diseases such as pneumonia, bacteremia, sepsis and meningitis. As a consequence, millions of attributable deaths occur annually, especially among infants, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Although current vaccines, composed of purified pneumococcal polysaccharide in free form or conjugated to a protein carrier, are widely used and have been demonstrated to be effective in target groups, has continued to colonize and cause life-threatening disease in susceptible populations. This lack of broad protection highlights the necessity of improving upon the current "gold standard" pneumococcal vaccines to increase protection both by decreasing colonization and reducing the incidence of sterile-site infections. Over the past century, most of the pneumococcal proteins that play an essential role in colonization and pathogenesis have been identified and characterized. Some of these proteins have the potential to serve as antigens in a multi-valent protein vaccine that confers capsule independent protection. This review seeks to summarize the benefits and limitations of the currently employed vaccine strategies, describes how leading candidate proteins contribute to pneumococcal disease development, and discusses the potential of these proteins as protective antigens-including as a hybrid construct.
（）是一种已知可在上呼吸道定植并引发严重机会性疾病（如肺炎、菌血症、败血症和脑膜炎）的细菌病原体。因此，每年有数百万人死于这些疾病，尤其是婴儿、老年人和免疫功能低下者。尽管目前由游离形式的纯化肺炎球菌多糖或与蛋白质载体结合的多糖组成的疫苗被广泛使用，并已证明对目标人群有效，但（）仍继续在易感人群中定植并引发危及生命的疾病。这种缺乏广泛保护的情况凸显了改进当前“金标准”肺炎球菌疫苗的必要性，以通过减少定植和降低无菌部位感染的发生率来增强保护作用。在过去的一个世纪里，大多数在定植和发病机制中起关键作用的肺炎球菌蛋白已被鉴定和表征。其中一些蛋白有潜力作为多价蛋白疫苗中的抗原，提供不依赖荚膜的保护。本综述旨在总结当前所用疫苗策略的益处和局限性，描述主要候选蛋白如何导致肺炎球菌疾病的发展，并讨论这些蛋白作为保护性抗原的潜力，包括作为一种混合构建体的潜力。
