Wagner S J
Biomedical Research and Development, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855, USA.
Vox Sang. 2004 Apr;86(3):157-63. doi: 10.1111/j.0042-9007.2004.00410.x.
Records of the transmission of bacterial infections by transfusion date back to the beginning of organized blood banking. Despite tremendous strides in preventing viral infection through careful donor screening and viral testing, there has been little improvement in reducing the risk of bacterial sepsis since the introduction of closed collection systems. Based on the French Haemovigilance study, the British Serious Hazards of Transmission (SHOT) study and fatality reports to the United States Food and Drug Administration, the risk of clinically apparent sepsis exceeds the risk of HIV, HBV, and HCV transmission. Sources of contamination include the skin, blood, disposables, and the environment. Potential interventions to reduce transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis include improvements to donor arm preparation, diversion of the first aliquot of whole blood, introduction of bacterial testing and/or implementation of pathogen reduction methods.
通过输血传播细菌感染的记录可追溯到有组织的血库建立之初。尽管通过仔细的献血者筛查和病毒检测在预防病毒感染方面取得了巨大进展，但自引入封闭采集系统以来，在降低细菌性败血症风险方面几乎没有改善。根据法国血液警戒研究、英国严重输血传播危害（SHOT）研究以及向美国食品药品监督管理局提交的死亡报告，临床明显败血症的风险超过了HIV、HBV和HCV传播的风险。污染源包括皮肤、血液、一次性用品和环境。减少输血相关细菌性败血症的潜在干预措施包括改进献血者手臂准备、弃用第一份全血标本、引入细菌检测和/或实施病原体灭活方法。
