Roberts Joanne, Hunter Lisa, Gravel Judith, Rosenfeld Richard, Berman Stephen, Haggard Mark, Hall Joseph, Lannon Carole, Moore David, Vernon-Feagans Lynne, Wallace Ina
FPG Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-8180, USA.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004 Apr;25(2):110-22. doi: 10.1097/00004703-200404000-00007.
This article reviews research on the possible linkage of otitis media with effusion (OME) to children's hearing and development, identifies gaps, and directions for research, and discusses implications for healthcare practices. About half of children with an episode of OME experience a mild hearing loss while about 5-10% of children have moderate hearing loss. Recent prospective and randomized clinical trials suggest none to very small negative associations of OME to children's later language development. Based on both retrospective and prospective longitudinal studies, associations between OME and perceiving speech in noise and tasks that require equal binaural hearing have been reported but have not been adequately studied with regard to functional outcomes. Thus, on average, for typically developing children, OME may not be a substantial risk factor for later speech and language development or academic achievement. However, these conclusions should be interpreted cautiously, since most of these studies used OME rather than hearing loss as the independent variable (although hearing loss rather than OME is hypothesized to affect language development) and many studies did not control for important confounding variables such as socioeconomic status (SES).
本文回顾了关于中耳积液（OME）与儿童听力及发育之间可能联系的研究，找出了研究空白和研究方向，并讨论了其对医疗实践的影响。约一半患过OME的儿童有轻度听力损失，约5%-10%的儿童有中度听力损失。近期的前瞻性和随机临床试验表明，OME与儿童后期语言发育之间不存在或仅有非常小的负相关。基于回顾性和前瞻性纵向研究，OME与噪声中言语感知及需要双耳听力均等的任务之间的关联已有报道，但在功能结局方面尚未得到充分研究。因此，一般来说，对于发育正常的儿童，OME可能不是后期言语和语言发育或学业成绩的重大风险因素。然而，这些结论应谨慎解读，因为这些研究大多将OME而非听力损失作为自变量（尽管据推测是听力损失而非OME影响语言发育），而且许多研究未对社会经济地位（SES）等重要混杂变量进行控制。
