约束系统对正面机动车碰撞中颌面损伤的影响。

Effect of restraint systems on maxillofacial injury in frontal motor vehicle collisions.

作者信息

Cox Daniel, Vincent Drake G, McGwin Gerald, MacLennan Paul A, Holmes Jon D, Rue Loring W

机构信息

Center for Injury Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0009, USA.

出版信息

J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004 May;62(5):571-5. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2003.12.005.

DOI:10.1016/j.joms.2003.12.005

PMID:15122562

Abstract

PURPOSE

Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are the leading cause of maxillofacial fractures. Additionally, maxillofacial injuries are the most common injury related to air bag deployment. We sought to characterize the occupant restraint system (seat belt and air bag) and collision characteristics associated with MVC-related maxillofacial injuries.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The 1991-2000 National (United States) Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) data files were used. The CDS is a national probability sample of passenger vehicles involved in police-reported tow-away MVCs. Analysis was limited to front seat occupants involved in frontal collisions of delta-V (estimated change in velocity) of greater than 15 km/hr. The risk of facial injury was calculated according to occupants' restraint use (unrestrained, seat belt only, air bag only, and seat belt and air bag combined) and compared using risk ratios (RRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS

Occupants restrained with a seat belt only (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.57) or a seat belt and an air bag (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.94) had a significantly reduced risk of any facial injury compared with completely unrestrained occupants. There was no association for those restrained with an air bag only (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.73). A similar pattern of results was observed for moderate to severe facial injuries and for facial fractures.

CONCLUSION

Seat belt use significantly reduces the risk of facial injury in frontal MVCs. Air bag use was not associated with the risk of facial injury.

摘要

目的

机动车碰撞（MVC）是颌面骨折的主要原因。此外，颌面损伤是与安全气囊展开相关的最常见损伤。我们试图描述与MVC相关的颌面损伤相关的乘员约束系统（安全带和安全气囊）及碰撞特征。

材料与方法

使用1991 - 2000年美国国家汽车抽样系统碰撞安全性数据系统（CDS）的数据文件。CDS是参与警方报告的拖走式MVC的乘用车的全国概率样本。分析仅限于参与速度变化量（ΔV）大于15 km/hr的正面碰撞的前排座位乘员。根据乘员的约束使用情况（无约束、仅使用安全带、仅使用安全气囊以及安全带和安全气囊组合使用）计算面部受伤风险，并使用风险比（RR）和相关的95%置信区间（CI）进行比较。

结果

仅使用安全带（RR，0.48；95% CI，0.40至0.57）或安全带和安全气囊组合使用（RR，0.83；95% CI，0.73至0.94）的乘员与完全无约束的乘员相比，任何面部受伤的风险均显著降低。仅使用安全气囊的乘员之间无关联（RR，1.19；95% CI，0.82至1.73）。对于中度至重度面部损伤和面部骨折，观察到类似的结果模式。