汽车碰撞中面部骨折的流行病学。
The epidemiology of facial fractures in automotive collisions.
作者信息
Cormier Joseph, Duma Stefan
机构信息
Virginia Tech - Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering, USA.
出版信息
Ann Adv Automot Med. 2009 Oct;53:169-76.
This study examines the pattern of facial fractures in automotive collisions using the National Automotive Sampling System - Crashworthiness Data System. The database was examined for trends within collision and occupant descriptors among occupants sustaining facial fractures. Drivers and right front passengers were included in an analysis of frontal collisions. Side impacts were assessed separately by identifying occupants exposed to near and far side collisions. The distribution of facial bone fractures and injury sources were demonstrated for each impact configuration. Risk ratios were used to demonstrate the effects of restraint use and airbag deployment. Seatbelts were found to reduce the risk of sustaining a facial fracture by 74% in frontal impacts. Facial fractures are associated with severe impacts with a risk of 5% at a Delta-V of 40 km/h and 65 km/h for unbelted and belted occupants respectively.
本研究使用国家汽车抽样系统——防撞性数据系统，调查了汽车碰撞中面部骨折的模式。对数据库进行了检查，以了解面部骨折乘客的碰撞和乘员描述符中的趋势。在正面碰撞分析中纳入了驾驶员和右前乘客。通过识别遭受近侧和远侧碰撞的乘员，分别评估侧面碰撞。展示了每种碰撞配置下面部骨折的分布和受伤来源。使用风险比来证明使用约束装置和安全气囊展开的效果。发现在正面碰撞中，安全带可将面部骨折风险降低74%。面部骨折与严重碰撞有关，对于未系安全带和系安全带的乘员，在速度变化量为40公里/小时和65公里/小时时，风险分别为5%。
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