Bemben Debra A, Buchanan Torey D, Bemben Michael G, Knehans Allen W
Department of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2004 May;18(2):220-6. doi: 10.1519/R-12652.1.
Bone mineral density (BMD) variables were compared in 2 groups of women Division I collegiate athletes-gymnasts (GYM) and cross-country runners (CC)-during the preseason and during the competitive season. An osteogenic advantage may exist in women athletes involved in impact loading (gymnastics) over those women in active loading sports like long-distance running. The effects of menstrual status and the time of the training season on BMD also were examined. Dietary intake, menstrual status, BMD, and serum estradiol levels were measured during the preseason and during the competitive season in 26 women athletes (18-22 years of age). GYM had significantly higher BMD (p < 0.05) at all sites for both the pre- and posttests compared to CC. Neither group experienced a significant change (p > 0.05) in BMD between trials for any site; however, CC showed slight decreases at all BMD sites from baseline to the posttest. GYM had a higher prevalence of self-reported menstrual cycle disturbances than CC. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in BMD was found between the eumenorrheic and menstrual dysfunction groups (oligo/amenorrheic). In conclusion, the gymnasts had significantly higher (p < 0.05) BMD than the runners, suggesting BMD is influenced by the type of mechanical loading. Menstrual status did not significantly affect BMD in these women athletes. Cross-country runners were determined to be at greater risk than the gymnasts for low bone mass; thus, it is recommended that these athletes include more high-impact activities in their training regimen to optimize their bone health.
在季前赛和比赛期间，对两组女子一级大学运动员——体操运动员（GYM）和越野跑运动员（CC）的骨密度（BMD）变量进行了比较。参与冲击负荷运动（体操）的女性运动员可能比参与主动负荷运动（如长跑）的女性具有成骨优势。还研究了月经状态和训练季节时间对骨密度的影响。在季前赛和比赛期间，对26名年龄在18至22岁的女性运动员的饮食摄入量、月经状态、骨密度和血清雌二醇水平进行了测量。与CC组相比，GYM组在所有部位的测试前和测试后的骨密度均显著更高（p < 0.05）。两组在任何部位的试验之间骨密度均无显著变化（p > 0.05）；然而，CC组从基线到测试后的所有骨密度部位均略有下降。GYM组自我报告的月经周期紊乱患病率高于CC组。在月经正常和月经功能障碍组（月经稀发/闭经）之间未发现骨密度有显著差异（p > 0.05）。总之，体操运动员的骨密度显著高于跑步运动员（p < 0.05），这表明骨密度受机械负荷类型的影响。月经状态在这些女性运动员中对骨密度没有显著影响。确定越野跑运动员比体操运动员有更高的低骨量风险；因此，建议这些运动员在训练方案中增加更多的高冲击活动，以优化他们的骨骼健康。
