Eckert Richard L, Broome Ann-Marie, Ruse Monica, Robinson Nancy, Ryan David, Lee Kathleen
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
J Invest Dermatol. 2004 Jul;123(1):23-33. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22719.x.
The S100 proteins comprise a family of 21 low molecular weight (9-13 kDa) proteins that are characterized by the presence of two calcium-binding EF-hand motifs. Fourteen S100 protein genes are located within the epidermal differentiation complex on human chromosome 1q21 and 13 S100 proteins (S100A2, S100A3, S100A4, S100A6, S100A7, S100A8, S100A9, S100A10, S100A11, S100A12, S100A15, S100B, and S100P) are expressed in normal and/or diseased epidermis. S100 proteins exist in cells as anti-parallel hetero- and homodimers and upon calcium binding interact with target proteins to regulate cell function. S100 proteins are of interest as mediators of calcium-associated signal transduction and undergo changes in subcellular distribution in response to extracellular stimuli. They also function as chemotactic agents and may play a role in the pathogenesis of epidermal disease, as selected S100 proteins are markedly overexpressed in psoriasis, wound healing, skin cancer, inflammation, cellular stress, and other epidermal states.
S100蛋白由21种低分子量（9 - 13 kDa）的蛋白质组成，其特征是存在两个钙结合EF手基序。14个S100蛋白基因位于人类染色体1q21上的表皮分化复合体中，13种S100蛋白（S100A2、S100A3、S100A4、S100A6、S100A7、S100A8、S100A9、S100A10、S100A11、S100A12、S100A15、S100B和S100P）在正常和/或病变表皮中表达。S100蛋白在细胞中以反平行异源二聚体和同源二聚体形式存在，与钙结合后与靶蛋白相互作用以调节细胞功能。S100蛋白作为钙相关信号转导的介质备受关注，并且会响应细胞外刺激而发生亚细胞分布的变化。它们还作为趋化剂发挥作用，可能在表皮疾病的发病机制中起作用，因为某些S100蛋白在银屑病、伤口愈合、皮肤癌、炎症、细胞应激和其他表皮状态中明显过表达。
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