Singer Lynn T, Linares Teresa J, Ntiri Shana, Henry Racquel, Minnes Sonia
Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004 Jun 11;74(3):245-52. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.12.015.
Using a case-control design, patterns of drug use, psychological symptoms, and behavioral characteristics associated with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA ) use were surveyed in a sample of older adolescents (median age 20).
One hundred (42 MDMA users; 58 non-MDMA users) older adolescents were recruited using the "snowball" technique and interviewed regarding their use of MDMA and other drugs. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT), the HIV/sexually transmitted diseases (STD) risk scale, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were also administered.
MDMA users were more likely to use other substances, endorse more symptoms of psychological distress, and had more problems in functional lifestyle areas. They also reported more childhood experiences of physical abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect than non-MDMA users. MDMA users also reported more sexually risky behaviors.
Occasional MDMA use among older adolescents was associated with polydrug use, multiple social difficulties, psychological symptoms, and health risk behaviors. Further research is warranted to understand the long term psychosocial consequences of chronic MDMA and polydrug usage.
采用病例对照设计，对一组年龄较大的青少年（中位年龄20岁）样本进行调查，以了解与3,4-亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺（摇头丸）使用相关的药物使用模式、心理症状和行为特征。
采用“滚雪球”技术招募了100名年龄较大的青少年（42名摇头丸使用者；58名非摇头丸使用者），并就他们使用摇头丸和其他药物的情况进行了访谈。还使用了简明症状量表（BSI）、青少年问题导向筛查工具（POSIT）、艾滋病毒/性传播疾病（STD）风险量表和儿童创伤问卷（CTQ）。
摇头丸使用者更有可能使用其他物质，认可更多心理困扰症状，并且在功能性生活方式方面存在更多问题。他们还报告说，与非摇头丸使用者相比，童年时期遭受身体虐待、情感忽视和身体忽视的经历更多。摇头丸使用者还报告了更多有性风险的行为。
年龄较大的青少年偶尔使用摇头丸与多药滥用、多种社会困难、心理症状和健康风险行为有关。有必要进行进一步研究，以了解长期使用摇头丸和多药滥用的社会心理后果。
