Scherer G, Conze C, Tricker A R, Adlkofer F
Analytisch-biologisches Forschungslabor Prof. F. Adlkofer, München.
Clin Investig. 1992 Mar-Apr;70(3-4):352-67. doi: 10.1007/BF00184672.
For the purpose of risk evaluation, passive smoking is frequently regarded as low-dose cigarette smoking. However, since the physical, chemical and biological properties of mainstream smoke (MS), which is inhaled by the smoker and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), which is breathed by the passive smoker are quite different, risk extrapolation from active smoking to passive smoking is of doubtful value. In a series of experimental exposure studies we compared the uptake of tobacco smoke constituents by active and passive smoking. The results show that biomarkers which were found to be elevated after experimental ETS exposure, such as nicotine and cotinine in plasma and urine as well as thioethers in urine, indicate gas-phase exposure in passive smokers, but particle-phase exposure in active smokers. Biomarkers which should indicate the uptake of particle-bound, genotoxic substances with ETS, such as urinary mutagenicity, metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and DNA adducts, were not found to be elevated even after extremely high ETS exposure. From these results we conclude that a risk evaluation for passive smoking on the basis of dosimetric data is currently not possible.
为了进行风险评估，被动吸烟常常被视为低剂量吸烟。然而，由于吸烟者吸入的主流烟雾（MS）与被动吸烟者吸入的环境烟草烟雾（ETS）在物理、化学和生物学特性上有很大差异，从主动吸烟外推到被动吸烟的风险评估价值存疑。在一系列实验性暴露研究中，我们比较了主动吸烟和被动吸烟对烟草烟雾成分的摄取情况。结果表明，在实验性ETS暴露后发现升高的生物标志物，如血浆和尿液中的尼古丁和可替宁以及尿液中的硫醚，表明被动吸烟者存在气相暴露，但主动吸烟者存在颗粒相暴露。即使在极高的ETS暴露后，那些应表明被动吸烟者摄取了与颗粒结合的遗传毒性物质的生物标志物，如尿液致突变性、多环芳烃（PAH）代谢物和DNA加合物，并未发现升高。从这些结果我们得出结论，目前基于剂量学数据对被动吸烟进行风险评估是不可能的。
