Weigel Stefan, Berger Urs, Jensen Einar, Kallenborn Roland, Thoresen Hilde, Hühnerfuss Heinrich
Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Chemosphere. 2004 Aug;56(6):583-92. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.015.
Selected pharmaceuticals, among them analgesics, ss-blockers and anti-depressants as well as caffeine, the anti-bacterial triclosan and the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide (DEET) were determined in different sewage samples (sewage treatment plants, hospital effluents) from Tromsø/Norway and in seawater from Tromsø-Sound, into which the sewage is discharged. While caffeine, triclosan, ibuprofen and its major metabolites hydroxy- and carboxy-ibuprofen were present in all sewage samples, additional pharmaceuticals were observed in sewage containing hospital effluents. Concentrations were in the range of 20-293 microg/l (caffeine), 0.2-2.4 microg/l (triclosan) and 0.1-20 microg/l (sum ibuprofen + metabolites). In seawater, only caffeine (7-87 ng/l), DEET (0.4-13 ng/l) and ibuprofen + metabolites (sum concentration < LOQ-7.7 ng/l) were detected. Ibuprofen and its metabolites hydroxy- and carboxy-ibuprofen were quantified individually by use of the respective reference compounds. Relative amounts of the three compounds were determined in different types of water showing characteristic patterns, with hydroxy-ibuprofen being the major component in sewage whereas carboxy-ibuprofen was dominant in seawater samples. The patterns which were compared to those observed in similar samples from Germany indicated different transformation behaviour under limnic and marine conditions.
在来自挪威特罗姆瑟的不同污水样本（污水处理厂、医院废水）以及污水排放所流入的特罗姆瑟海峡海水中，对包括镇痛药、β受体阻滞剂、抗抑郁药以及咖啡因、抗菌剂三氯生和驱虫剂N,N -二乙基-3-甲苯酰胺（避蚊胺）在内的选定药物进行了测定。虽然咖啡因、三氯生、布洛芬及其主要代谢物羟基布洛芬和羧基布洛芬在所有污水样本中均有存在，但在含有医院废水的污水中还观察到了其他药物。浓度范围为20 - 293微克/升（咖啡因）、0.2 - 2.4微克/升（三氯生）和0.1 - 20微克/升（布洛芬及其代谢物总和）。在海水中，仅检测到咖啡因（7 - 87纳克/升）、避蚊胺（0.4 - 13纳克/升）和布洛芬及其代谢物（总浓度<最低定量限-7.7纳克/升）。通过使用各自的参考化合物对布洛芬及其代谢物羟基布洛芬和羧基布洛芬进行了单独定量。在不同类型的水中测定了这三种化合物的相对含量，呈现出特征性模式，其中羟基布洛芬是污水中的主要成分，而羧基布洛芬在海水样本中占主导地位。与在德国类似样本中观察到的模式进行比较后发现，在淡水和海洋条件下存在不同的转化行为。
