Langford Katherine, Thomas Kevin V
Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
J Environ Monit. 2011 Feb;13(2):416-21. doi: 10.1039/c0em00342e. Epub 2010 Dec 13.
The occurrence of the metabolites of five human pharmaceuticals was investigated in treated wastewater, surface waters and sediments. Metabolites of carbamazepine (carbamazepine epoxide), diclofenac (4'- and 5-hydroxy diclofenac) and atorvastatin (o- and p-hydroxy atorvastatin) were typically detected in flow proportional 24 h composite samples of wastewater effluent collected from the Norwegian cities of Oslo and Tromsø at higher concentrations than the parent pharmaceutical. The concentrations determined in discharged effluent were as high as 3700 ng L(-1) for 5-hydroxy diclofenac. The overall mean concentration of metabolites being typically higher in the primary treated effluent from the city of Tromsø compared to the tertiary treatment performed on the Oslo effluent. Metabolites of carbamazepine (carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide), metoprolol (α-hydroxy metoprolol) and simvastatin (hydroxy simvastatin) were detected in surface water samples collected from Oslofjord at concentrations of up to 108 ng L(-1), whilst α-hydroxy metoprolol and simvastatin hydroxy carboxylic acid were also detected in sediments at low ng L(-1) concentrations. These screening data show that the metabolites of selected pharmaceuticals are being discharged into the Norwegian coastal environment and that certain metabolites occur in marine surface waters and sediments.
对处理后的废水、地表水和沉积物中五种人类药物的代谢产物进行了调查。在从挪威奥斯陆和特罗姆瑟市采集的废水流出物的流量比例24小时混合样本中，通常检测到卡马西平（卡马西平环氧化物）、双氯芬酸（4'-和5-羟基双氯芬酸）和阿托伐他汀（邻羟基和对羟基阿托伐他汀）的代谢产物，其浓度高于母体药物。排放流出物中测定的5-羟基双氯芬酸浓度高达3700 ng L(-1)。特罗姆瑟市初级处理后的流出物中代谢产物的总体平均浓度通常高于对奥斯陆流出物进行的三级处理。在从奥斯陆峡湾采集的地表水样本中检测到卡马西平（卡马西平-10,11-环氧化物）、美托洛尔（α-羟基美托洛尔）和辛伐他汀（羟基辛伐他汀）的代谢产物，浓度高达108 ng L(-1)，而在沉积物中也检测到低ng L(-1)浓度的α-羟基美托洛尔和辛伐他汀羟基羧酸。这些筛选数据表明，选定药物的代谢产物正在排放到挪威沿海环境中，并且某些代谢产物存在于海洋地表水和沉积物中。
