Cyarto E V, Moorhead G E, Brown W J
School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2004 Apr;7(1 Suppl):30-8. doi: 10.1016/s1440-2440(04)80275-5.
For older adults, physical activity (PA) plays a central role in the prevention and management of chronic disease, and has the potential to reduce physical decline, maintain functional ability and prevent injuries. This review provides an update of the evidence relating to the effectiveness of PA intervention studies (both general PA and trials specific to progressive resistance training (PRT)) for older adults. The following electronic databases were searched for articles published since 1999: Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Sport Discus. For the PRT section, a 2002 Cochrane review was also used. Eight general PA intervention studies were included in this review, ranging from one-on-one counselling in general practice to the community-wide promotion of walking. The aim of most of the trials was to increase moderate and/or vigorous activity levels. Most of the studies reviewed had some degree of success in getting older people to be more active. However, a major limitation was the use of self-report measures of PA. The review of PRT interventions included 21 trials. Participants in half the studies had either functional limitations or a chronic condition. Most trials were conducted in a supervised setting using specialised equipment. Increased strength and improvement in basic functional tasks were generally reported, but there was a paucity of strong evidence linking PRT with reduced physical disability and improved health-related quality of life. While considerable progress is being made in this area, further population-based studies that include home and whole-community interventions are required.
对于老年人而言，身体活动在慢性病的预防和管理中起着核心作用，并且有可能减缓身体机能衰退、维持功能能力以及预防受伤。本综述提供了有关针对老年人的身体活动干预研究（包括一般身体活动和渐进性抗阻训练（PRT）专项试验）有效性的证据更新。检索了以下电子数据库，以查找自1999年以来发表的文章：医学索引数据库（Medline）、医学期刊数据库（PubMed）、荷兰医学文摘数据库（EMBASE）、护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）以及体育与运动科学文摘数据库（Sport Discus）。对于PRT部分，还使用了2002年考科蓝系统评价。本综述纳入了八项一般身体活动干预研究，范围从全科医疗中的一对一咨询到社区范围内的步行推广。大多数试验的目的是提高中等强度和/或剧烈强度的活动水平。大多数被综述的研究在促使老年人增加活动量方面取得了一定程度的成功。然而，一个主要限制是使用了身体活动的自我报告测量方法。PRT干预的综述纳入了21项试验。一半研究的参与者存在功能受限或患有慢性病。大多数试验是在有监督的环境中使用专门设备进行的。一般报告称力量有所增强，基本功能任务得到改善，但将PRT与身体残疾减少和健康相关生活质量改善联系起来的有力证据很少。虽然该领域正在取得相当大的进展，但仍需要开展更多基于人群的研究，包括家庭和全社区干预。
