Castro Laureano, Toro Miguel A
Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Carretera de la Coruña Kilómetro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 6;101(27):10235-40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0400156101. Epub 2004 Jun 24.
Cultural transmission in our species works most of the time as a cumulative inheritance system allowing members of a group to incorporate behavioral features not only with a positive biological value but sometimes also with a neutral, or even negative, biological value. Most of models of dual inheritance theory and gene-culture coevolution suggest that an increase, either qualitative or quantitative, in the efficiency of imitation is the key factor to explain the transformation of primate social learning in a cumulative cultural system of inheritance as it happens during hominization. We contend that more efficient imitation is necessary but not enough for this transformation to occur and that the key factor enabling such a transformation is that some hominids developed the capacity to approve or disapprove their offspring's learned behavior. This capacity to approve or disapprove offspring's behavior makes learning both less costly and more accurate, and it transformed the hominid culture into a system of cumulative cultural inheritance similar to that of humans, although the system was still prelinguistic in nature.
在我们这个物种中，文化传播大多时候作为一种累积性遗传系统发挥作用，使群体成员不仅能吸收具有积极生物学价值的行为特征，有时还能吸收具有中性甚至负面生物学价值的行为特征。大多数双重遗传理论和基因 - 文化共同进化模型表明，模仿效率在质或量上的提高是解释灵长类动物社会学习在人类进化过程中如何转变为累积性文化遗传系统的关键因素。我们认为，更高效的模仿对于这种转变来说是必要的，但并不充分，而促成这种转变的关键因素是一些原始人类发展出了认可或不认可其后代习得行为的能力。这种认可或不认可后代行为的能力降低了学习成本，提高了学习准确性，并将原始人类文化转变为一种类似于人类的累积性文化遗传系统，尽管该系统本质上仍处于前语言阶段。
