Hoeppe P, Oppenrieder A, Erianto C, Koepke P, Reuder J, Seefeldner M, Nowak D
Geo Risk Research, Munich Reinsurance Company, 80791, Munich, Germany.
Int J Biometeorol. 2004 Sep;49(1):18-25. doi: 10.1007/s00484-004-0211-9. Epub 2004 Jun 30.
In general, measurements of UV radition are related to horizontal surfaces, as in the case of the internationally standardized and applied UV index, for example. In order to obtain more relevant information on UV exposure of humans the new measuring system ASCARATIS (Angle SCAnning RAdiometer for determination of erythemally weighted irradiance on TIlted Surfaces) was developed and built. Three systems of ASCARATIS have been in operation at different locations in Bavaria for 3 years, providing erythemally weighted UV irradiation data for 27 differently inclined surfaces every 2 min. On the basis of these data virtual three-dimensional models of the human body surface consisting of about 20,000 triangles could be created and each of these triangles coloured according to its UV irradiation. This allowed the UV exposure of the human body to be visualized for any kind of body posture and spatial orientation on the basis of real measuring data. The results of the UV measurements on inclined surfaces have shown that measuring UV radiation on horizontal surfaces, as done routinely worldwide, often underestimates the UV exposure of the human skin. Especially at times of the day or year with low solar elevations the UV exposure of parts of the human skin can be many times higher than that of the horizontal surface. Examples of three-dimensional modelling of the human UV irradiation are shown for different times of the day and year, altitudes above sea level, body postures and genders. In these examples the UV "hotspots" can be detected and, among other things, used to inform and educate the public about UV radiation.
一般来说,紫外线辐射测量是与水平面相关的,例如国际标准化并应用的紫外线指数就是这种情况。为了获取更多关于人类紫外线暴露的相关信息,开发并制造了新的测量系统ASCARATIS(用于确定倾斜表面红斑加权辐照度的角度扫描辐射计)。ASCARATIS的三个系统已在巴伐利亚的不同地点运行了3年,每2分钟提供27个不同倾斜表面的红斑加权紫外线辐射数据。基于这些数据,可以创建由约20,000个三角形组成的人体表面虚拟三维模型,并且这些三角形中的每一个都根据其紫外线辐射进行着色。这使得能够基于实际测量数据,针对任何身体姿势和空间方位可视化人体的紫外线暴露情况。倾斜表面上的紫外线测量结果表明,像全球常规那样在水平面上测量紫外线辐射,往往会低估人体皮肤的紫外线暴露量。特别是在一年中太阳高度较低的白天或时段,人体皮肤某些部位的紫外线暴露量可能比水平面高出许多倍。展示了针对一年中不同时间、海拔高度、身体姿势和性别的人体紫外线辐射三维建模示例。在这些示例中,可以检测到紫外线“热点”,并且除其他用途外,还可用于向公众宣传和教育紫外线辐射相关知识。