College of Architecture, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Jul 22;20(15):4068. doi: 10.3390/s20154068.
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can be hazardous to humans, especially children, and is associated with sunburn, melanoma, and the risk of skin cancer. Understanding and estimating adults' and children's UVR exposure is critical to the design of effective interventions and the production of healthy UVR environments. Currently, there are limitations to the ways computer modeling and field measurements estimate individual UVR exposure in a given landscape. To address these limitations, this study developed an approach of integral calculation using six-directional (up, down, south, north, east, and west) field-measured UVR data and the estimated body exposure ratios (ER) for both children and adults. This approach showed high agreement when compared to a validated approach using ambient UVR and estimated ER data with a high r-square value (90.72% for child and adult models), and a low mean squared error (6.0% for child model and 5.1% for adult model) in an open area. This approach acting as a complementary tool between the climatology level and individual level can be used to estimate individual UVR exposure in a landscape with a complicated shady environment. In addition, measuring daily UVR data from six directions under open sky conditions confirmed that personal dosimeters underestimate actual individual UVR exposure.
紫外线辐射（UVR）对人类，尤其是儿童，具有危害性，会导致晒伤、黑色素瘤和皮肤癌风险。了解和评估成年人和儿童的 UVR 暴露情况对于设计有效的干预措施和营造健康的 UVR 环境至关重要。目前，计算机建模和现场测量在评估特定景观中个体 UVR 暴露方面存在局限性。为了解决这些局限性，本研究开发了一种使用六向（上、下、南、北、东、西）现场测量的 UVR 数据和儿童及成人估计的体暴露比（ER）进行积分计算的方法。该方法与使用环境 UVR 和估计的 ER 数据的验证方法相比具有高度一致性，儿童和成人模型的 r 平方值分别为 90.72%和 90.72%，在开阔区域的平均平方误差较低（儿童模型为 6.0%，成人模型为 5.1%）。该方法作为气候水平和个体水平之间的补充工具，可以用于估计复杂阴影环境中的个体 UVR 暴露情况。此外，在开阔天空条件下从六个方向测量每日 UVR 数据证实，个人剂量计低估了实际的个体 UVR 暴露情况。
