Levine Rebecca S, Peterson A Townsend, Benedict Mark Q
Entomology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2004 Jul;41(4):607-13. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585-41.4.607.
The Anopheles quadrimaculatus s.l. (Say) complex consists of at least five species distinguished by distribution, genetic incompatibility, and allele frequencies. However, the distributions of the members have only been described by collection locations. Building on this information and environmental data, preliminary predictions of their distribution were produced using a genetic algorithm and point occurrence data. Based on resulting predicted border areas and undersampled regions, we obtained and analyzed additional geo-referenced specimens and compared their distribution with our preliminary predictions. We found good agreement between the preliminary predictions and the subsequent collections, regardless of the fact that additional specimens were deliberately sought from areas most likely to reveal inconsistencies. Final predicted distributions describe widespread distribution of A.quadrimaculatus throughout the eastern United States. A. maverlius and A. smaragdinus have similar predicted ranges limited to the southeastern United States. The predicted ranges of the sister taxa A. diluvialis and A. inundatus were similar to one another along the southeastern coast even though they seem to be allopatric. The historical role of A. quadrimaculatus s.l. in transmission of malaria was also examined. We conclude that A. quadrimaculatus s.s. was the only species of the complex capable of vectoring malaria in the United States throughout the area in which malaria occurred. However, any or all the members of the complex may have been regionally important, particularly in areas of most intense transmission.
四斑按蚊复合组（Say）至少由五个物种组成，这些物种通过分布、遗传不亲和性和等位基因频率来区分。然而，其成员的分布仅通过采集地点进行了描述。基于这些信息和环境数据，利用遗传算法和点出现数据对它们的分布进行了初步预测。根据预测的边界区域和采样不足的区域，我们获取并分析了额外的地理参考标本，并将它们的分布与我们的初步预测进行了比较。我们发现初步预测与后续采集结果吻合良好，尽管我们特意从最有可能揭示不一致情况的地区采集了额外的标本。最终预测的分布描述了四斑按蚊在美国东部的广泛分布。马氏按蚊和翡翠按蚊的预测范围相似，仅限于美国东南部。尽管姐妹分类单元洪泛按蚊和淹没按蚊似乎是异域分布，但它们在东南沿海的预测范围彼此相似。我们还研究了四斑按蚊复合组在疟疾传播中的历史作用。我们得出结论，在美国疟疾发生的整个区域，纯种四斑按蚊是该复合组中唯一能够传播疟疾的物种。然而，该复合组的任何一个或所有成员在区域上可能都很重要，特别是在传播最强烈的地区。
