Taylor Bev, Barling Jan
School of Nursing and Health Care Practices, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2004 Jun;13(2):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-8330.2004.imntaylorb.doc.x.
This project aimed to: identify work-related problems to assist mental health nurses to locate the sources and effects of carer fatigue and burnout, set up a dialogue between the participants and the identified sources of stress in the workplace to address the identified problems, and make recommendations to a local Area Health Service to prevent and manage stressors in the practice of mental health nursing. In total, 20 experienced registered nurses working as mental health nurses were enlisted through a snowballing method of recruitment, and convenience sampling was used to intentionally target those research participants who were interested in identifying sources of carer fatigue and burnout in their work. Data collection was via semistructured interviews which used questions reflecting the first stage of White and Epston's (1990) method of narrative therapy, in which relative influence questioning is used to externalize the problem. The research questions related to the effect of burnout in mental health nursing across various interfaces, through the dominant story of emotional stress and fatigue. The sources of work-related problems for mental health nurses that contribute towards their experiences of carer fatigue and burnout were: employment insecurity and casualization of the work-force; issues with management and the system; difficulties with the nature of the work, inadequate resources and services, problems with doctors, aggressive and criminal consumers, undervaluing consumers and nurses, physical and emotional constraints of the work setting, and nurse-nurse relationships and horizontal violence. The effects of stress were shown in dealing with and reacting to work place stressors.
识别与工作相关的问题，以帮助心理健康护士找到护理人员疲劳和职业倦怠的根源及影响；在参与者与工作场所中已识别出的压力源之间建立对话，以解决已识别出的问题；并向当地地区卫生服务机构提出建议，以预防和管理心理健康护理实践中的压力源。总共通过滚雪球式招募方法征募了20名担任心理健康护士的经验丰富的注册护士，并采用便利抽样法有意选取那些有兴趣识别其工作中护理人员疲劳和职业倦怠根源的研究参与者。数据收集通过半结构化访谈进行，访谈使用了反映怀特和埃普斯顿（1990年）叙事疗法方法第一阶段的问题，其中相对影响提问用于将问题外化。研究问题涉及通过情绪压力和疲劳的主导故事，了解职业倦怠在心理健康护理各个界面中的影响。导致心理健康护士出现护理人员疲劳和职业倦怠经历的与工作相关问题的根源包括：就业不安全和劳动力临时工化；管理和系统问题；工作性质方面的困难、资源和服务不足、与医生的问题、有攻击性和犯罪倾向的消费者、对消费者和护士的低估、工作环境的身体和情感限制，以及护士与护士之间的关系和横向暴力。压力的影响体现在应对工作场所压力源及对其做出反应方面。
