Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2024;24(5):541-548. doi: 10.2174/1871530323666230901102131.
Latex allergy is a hypersensitivity response to natural rubber latex (NRL) proteins or rubber chemicals used in the manufacture of latex products. An accurate diagnosis is the first step in the effective management of individuals with latex allergy, especially in high-risk groups, such as healthcare workers and those affected by spina bifida. Diagnosis is based on the clinical history and an accurate allergological evaluation. In the case of type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, which can manifest urticaria, angioedema, rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma and anaphylaxis after latex exposure, skin prick tests or latex-specific IgE (sIgE) antibody detection using serological assays can be performed to confirm sensitization. Instead, in the case of contact dermatitis, a patch test can be applied to confirm the presence of a type IV T cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to rubber accelerators or additives. Basophils activation tests or challenge tests may be performed if there's an incongruity between the clinical history and the results of and tests. The aim of this review is to analyze the current state of the art of diagnostic techniques for latex allergy and algorithms employed in clinical practice and possible future developments in this field.
乳胶过敏是一种对天然橡胶乳胶（NRL）蛋白或用于制造乳胶产品的橡胶化学物质的过敏反应。准确的诊断是乳胶过敏个体有效管理的第一步，特别是在高风险人群中，如医护人员和脊柱裂患者。诊断基于临床病史和准确的过敏评估。对于 I 型 IgE 介导的过敏反应，在乳胶暴露后可表现为荨麻疹、血管性水肿、鼻结膜炎、哮喘和过敏反应，可进行皮肤点刺试验或乳胶特异性 IgE（sIgE）抗体检测，使用血清学检测方法来确认致敏。相反，对于接触性皮炎，可以进行斑贴试验以确认对橡胶促进剂或添加剂的 IV 型 T 细胞介导的超敏反应。如果临床病史和测试结果之间存在不一致，则可以进行嗜碱性粒细胞激活试验或挑战试验。本综述旨在分析乳胶过敏诊断技术的现状以及临床实践中使用的算法，以及该领域的未来可能发展。
