Bradley M M, Greenwald M K, Petry M C, Lang P J
Health Science Center, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1992 Mar;18(2):379-90. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.18.2.379.
Incidental memory performance for pictures that varied along the affective dimensions of pleasantness and arousal was assessed. For both an immediate and delayed (1 year later) free-recall task, only the arousal dimension had a stable effect on memory performance: Pictures rated as highly arousing were remembered better than low-arousal stimuli. This effect was corroborated in a speeded recognition test, in which high-arousal materials encoded earlier in the experiment produced faster reaction times than their low-arousal counterparts. Pleasantness affected reaction time decisions only for pictures not encoded earlier. These results suggest that whereas both the dimensions of pleasantness and arousal are processed at initial encoding, long-term memory performance is mainly affected by arousal.
对沿愉悦度和唤醒度情感维度变化的图片的附带记忆表现进行了评估。在即时和延迟（1年后）自由回忆任务中，只有唤醒度维度对记忆表现有稳定影响：被评定为高唤醒度的图片比低唤醒度刺激的记忆效果更好。在快速识别测试中证实了这一效应，在该测试中，实验中较早编码的高唤醒度材料比低唤醒度材料产生更快的反应时间。愉悦度仅对未较早编码的图片的反应时间决策有影响。这些结果表明，虽然愉悦度和唤醒度维度在初始编码时都会被处理，但长期记忆表现主要受唤醒度影响。
