Toivola M, Nevalainen A, Alm S
National Public Health Institute, Department of Environmental Health, Kuopio, Finland.
Indoor Air. 2004 Oct;14(5):351-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00258.x.
The aim of this study was to compare the personal exposures of particles and microbes with the exposure being assessed by stationary samplers in the main microenvironments, i.e. home and the workplace. A random sample of 81 elementary school teachers in eastern Finland were selected to perform the two wintertime 24-h measurement periods. Particle mass concentration, black smoke (BS) concentration and concentrations of viable and total microorganisms on the sampled filters were determined using personal exposure sampling and microenvironmental measurements in homes and workplaces. In this paper, the correlations between different pollutants in each environment and correlations between personal exposures and home and work concentrations are presented. The results show that personal BS exposures correlated with both home and work BS concentrations. Furthermore, the concentrations of viable fungi and bacteria were related between personal and home concentrations. The time weighted microenvironmental model underestimated the personal exposures of particle mass, viable fungi, total fungi and total bacteria concentrations but the model might satisfactorily assess personal exposure to concentrations of BS and viable bacteria. The mass concentration of total fungi and bacteria was <1% of the total particle mass concentration.
Stationary samples are only surrogate measures of personal exposures. Personal exposure measurements conducted on individuals' breathing zone are needed to assess the exposure to particles and microbes. The time weighted microenvironmental model is a useful method to assess personal exposure to combustion related particles and viable bacteria concentrations but the model underestimates personal exposures of particle mass, viable fungi, total fungi and total bacteria concentrations.
本研究的目的是比较在主要微环境（即家庭和工作场所）中，颗粒物和微生物的个人暴露情况与通过固定采样器评估的暴露情况。从芬兰东部随机抽取81名小学教师，在两个冬季进行24小时测量。通过个人暴露采样以及在家庭和工作场所的微环境测量，测定采样滤膜上的颗粒物质量浓度、黑烟（BS）浓度以及活菌和总微生物的浓度。本文呈现了每个环境中不同污染物之间的相关性以及个人暴露与家庭和工作场所浓度之间的相关性。结果表明，个人BS暴露与家庭和工作场所的BS浓度均相关。此外，活菌和细菌的浓度在个人与家庭浓度之间存在关联。时间加权微环境模型低估了颗粒物质量、活菌、总真菌和总细菌浓度的个人暴露，但该模型可能令人满意地评估了个人对BS和活菌浓度的暴露。总真菌和细菌的质量浓度占总颗粒物质量浓度的比例小于1%。
固定样本只是个人暴露的替代指标。需要对个体呼吸带进行个人暴露测量，以评估对颗粒物和微生物的暴露。时间加权微环境模型是评估个人对燃烧相关颗粒物和活菌浓度暴露的有用方法，但该模型低估了颗粒物质量、活菌、总真菌和总细菌浓度的个人暴露。
