Horstmann Gernot
Fakultät für Psychologie und Sportwissenschaft, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100 131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2006 Jan;70(1):13-25. doi: 10.1007/s00426-004-0184-7. Epub 2004 Aug 31.
According to the contingent involuntary orienting hypothesis, only stimuli that match the attentional control settings based on intentions capture attention. In contrast, the surprise-capture hypothesis states that expectancy-discrepant stimuli can capture attention even if they do not match the control settings, implying unintended capture. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether unintended and intended attentional shifts are characterized by different time courses, indicating different underlying mechanisms. An unintended attentional shift was tested by the first, unannounced presentation of a color singleton at the location of a visual search target, and intended shifts by the following repeated presentations of a predictive singleton. Differences in time course were revealed by varying the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between singleton and target. Results showed that accuracy with expected singletons was barely affected by SOA, whereas SOA strongly affected accuracy with the unexpected singleton. The results are interpreted as supporting the surprise-capture hypothesis. It is furthermore argued that a division of labor between contingent capture and surprise in the control of attention supports adaptive behavior.
根据偶然非自主定向假说，只有那些与基于意图的注意力控制设置相匹配的刺激才能吸引注意力。相比之下，惊奇捕获假说认为，即使预期不一致的刺激与控制设置不匹配，它们也能吸引注意力，这意味着非预期的捕获。本研究的目的是调查非预期和预期的注意力转移是否具有不同的时间进程，这表明存在不同的潜在机制。通过在视觉搜索目标位置首次未预告地呈现颜色单独刺激来测试非预期的注意力转移，通过随后重复呈现预测性单独刺激来测试预期的注意力转移。通过改变单独刺激和目标之间的刺激起始异步性（SOA）来揭示时间进程的差异。结果表明，预期单独刺激的准确性几乎不受SOA的影响，而SOA对意外单独刺激的准确性有强烈影响。这些结果被解释为支持惊奇捕获假说。此外，有人认为在注意力控制中，偶然捕获和惊奇之间的分工支持适应性行为。
