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视诱发眨眼的调节主要取决于视网膜外因素。

Modulation of gaze-evoked blinks depends primarily on extraretinal factors.

作者信息

Williamson Shawn S, Zivotofsky Ari Z, Basso Michele A

机构信息

Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Ave., Rm. 127 SMI, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

出版信息

J Neurophysiol. 2005 Jan;93(1):627-32. doi: 10.1152/jn.00820.2004. Epub 2004 Sep 1.

Abstract

Gaze-evoked blinks are contractions of the orbicularis oculi (OO)-the lid closing muscle-occurring during rapid movements of the head and eyes and result from a common drive to the gaze and blink motor systems. However, blinks occurring during shifts of gaze are often suppressed when the gaze shift is made to an important visual stimulus, suggesting that the visual system can modulate the occurrence of these blinks. In head-stabilized, human subjects, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of a visual stimulus was sufficient, but not necessary, to modulate OO EMG (OOemg) activity during saccadic eye movements. Rapid, reorienting movements of the eyes (saccades) were made to visual targets that remained illuminated (visually guided trials) or were briefly flashed (memory-guided trials) at different amplitudes along the horizontal meridian. We measured OOemg activity and found that the magnitude and probability of OOemg activity occurrence was reduced when a saccade was made to the memory of the spatial location as well as to the actual visual stimulus. The reduced OOemg activity occurred only when the location of the target was previously cued. OOemg activity occurred reliably with spontaneous saccades that were made to locations with no explicit visual stimulus, generally, back to the fixation location. Thus the modulation of gaze-evoked OOemg activity does not depend on the presence of visual information per se, but rather, results from an extraretinal signal.

摘要

注视诱发的眨眼是眼轮匝肌(OO)的收缩,眼轮匝肌是负责闭眼的肌肉,在头部和眼睛快速移动时发生,是由注视和眨眼运动系统的共同驱动引起的。然而,当注视转移到重要视觉刺激时,在注视转移过程中发生的眨眼通常会受到抑制,这表明视觉系统可以调节这些眨眼的发生。在头部稳定的人类受试者中,我们测试了这样一个假设:视觉刺激的存在足以但并非必要条件,来调节眼球快速运动期间的眼轮匝肌肌电图(OOemg)活动。眼睛快速重新定向的运动(扫视)是针对沿水平子午线不同幅度处保持点亮状态的视觉目标(视觉引导试验)或短暂闪烁的目标(记忆引导试验)进行的。我们测量了OOemg活动,发现当向空间位置的记忆以及实际视觉刺激进行扫视时,OOemg活动发生的幅度和概率降低。只有当目标位置事先被提示时,OOemg活动才会降低。当自发扫视到没有明确视觉刺激的位置(通常是回到注视位置)时,OOemg活动可靠地发生。因此,注视诱发的OOemg活动的调节并不取决于视觉信息本身的存在,而是来自视网膜外信号。

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