Fard Nooshin M, Mehrabian Ferdos, Sarraf-Zadegan Nizal, Sajadi Firoozeh
Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran.
Indian J Pediatr. 2004 Aug;71(8):683-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02730653.
This study investigated the influence of modifying the maternal dietary fat on the serum lipids of infants at birth and at one year of age.
This single-blind randomized clinical trial was done on 180 4-month-pregnant women. All subjects proved to have a fat-unmodified diet through a 4-day food record dietary questionnaire. They were divided randomly into two groups. The intervention group was kept on a fat-modified diet including saturated fatty acid (SFA) < 10%, monounsaturated fatty acids: (MUFA) 10-5%, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) upto 10% and cholesterol < 300 mg/day with dietary advice for the pregnancy period. The control group was given only the latter advice. All subjects were followed up monthly. The serum lipids including total cholesterol (T.cho), triglyceride (TG), and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) were analyzed through enzymatic methods. The level of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by Friedewald formula. The comparison of mean cord and one-year-old infant serum lipids were done through unpaired T-test in two groups.
The mean level of T.cho in the intervention and control group was (70.3+/-15.9, vs 81.4+/-17.2, P< 0.009), TG (85.3 +/- 16.7 vs 97.5 +/- 18.2, P< 0.007), LDL-C (27.8 +/- 15.2 vs 34.8 +/- 17.1, P< 0.04) and non-HDL-C (44.5+/-7.2 vs 54.5 +/- 8.1, P< 0.02) and in one year old infant the comparison of serum lipids were as follows. T.cho (145.7 +/- 51.4 vs 161.4 +/- 56.2, P< 0.003), TG (90.1 +/- 31.8 vs 98.3 +/- 33.1, P< 0.02), LDL-C (85.6 +/- 20.4 vs 92.3 +/- 19.6, P< 0,05) and non-HDL-C (113.6 +/- 30.2 vs 128.8 +/- 34.8, P< 0.04). However, there was no significant difference in HDL-C of both groups.
There is a significant decrease of T.cho, TG, LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels with no significant increase of HDL-C in the intervention group with the fat-modified diet. Maternal fat-modified diet could be suitable way to prevent cardiovascular disease among infants from the beginning of the life.
本研究调查了改变孕妇饮食脂肪对出生时及一岁婴儿血脂的影响。
对180名怀孕4个月的妇女进行了这项单盲随机临床试验。通过为期4天的食物记录饮食问卷，所有受试者均证明饮食脂肪未改变。她们被随机分为两组。干预组采用脂肪改良饮食，包括饱和脂肪酸（SFA）<10%、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）10 - 5%、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）高达10%且胆固醇<300毫克/天，并给予孕期饮食建议。对照组仅给予后者的建议。所有受试者每月进行随访。通过酶法分析包括总胆固醇（T.cho）、甘油三酯（TG）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL - C）在内的血脂。低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL - C）水平通过Friedewald公式计算。两组通过不成对T检验比较脐血和一岁婴儿血清脂质的均值。
干预组和对照组的T.cho平均水平分别为（70.3±15.9，vs 81.4±17.2，P<0.009），TG（85.3±16.7 vs 97.5±18.2，P<0.007），LDL - C（27.8±15.2 vs 34.8±17.1，P<0.04）和非HDL - C（44.5±7.2 vs 54.5±8.1，P<0.02）；一岁婴儿血脂的比较如下。T.cho（145.7±51.4 vs 161.4±56.2，P<0.003），TG（90.1±31.8 vs 98.3±33.1，P<0.02），LDL - C（85.6±20.4 vs 92.3±19.6，P<0.05）和非HDL - C（113.6±30.2 vs 128.8±34.8，P<0.04）。然而，两组的HDL - C没有显著差异。
采用脂肪改良饮食的干预组中，T.cho、TG、LDL - C和非HDL - C水平显著降低，而HDL - C没有显著升高。孕妇脂肪改良饮食可能是从生命开始就预防婴儿心血管疾病的合适方法。
