Town Robert, Wholey Douglas R, Kralewski John, Dowd Bryan
University of Minnesota, USA.
Med Care Res Rev. 2004 Sep;61(3 Suppl):80S-118S. doi: 10.1177/1077558704267507.
This article describes issues that should be considered in the development of a theory or theories about incentives from which testable hypotheses could be derived. Economic, psychological, and organizational theories are described, and issues that should be considered in hypothesis generation are presented. Psychological factors influencing incentives include decision framing, regret, heuristics, and reinforcements. Organizational factors influencing incentives include bundling of services or people, matching of incentive structure with work organization, and the incompletely contained hierarchical nesting of incentives. Finally, the dynamics of incentive change are considered, with a focus on describing the conditions under which physicians and physician organizations respond to incentive changes.
本文描述了在构建一个或多个关于激励措施的理论时应考虑的问题，这些理论应能推导出可检验的假设。文中介绍了经济、心理和组织理论，并提出了假设生成过程中应考虑的问题。影响激励措施的心理因素包括决策框架、遗憾、启发法和强化。影响激励措施的组织因素包括服务或人员的捆绑、激励结构与工作组织的匹配，以及激励措施不完全包含的层级嵌套。最后，本文探讨了激励措施变化的动态过程，重点描述了医生和医生组织对激励措施变化做出反应的条件。
