Kar Pradip Kumar, Tandon Veena, Saha Nirmalendu
Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, India.
Parasitol Int. 2004 Dec;53(4):287-91. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2004.04.001.
The crude root-peel extract of Flemingia vestita, its active principle genistein and the reference flukicide oxyclozanide were tested against Fasciolopsis buski, the giant intestinal trematode. The amino acid composition of F. buski was demonstrated using HPLC and it was observed that the free amino acid (FAA) pool of the control worm consisted of aspartate, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glutamine, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, lysine, histidine, arginine, phosphoserine, taurine, citrulline, ornithine, beta-alanine, and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). Of the amino acids detected valine was found to be the maximum in quantitative analysis. In qualitative analysis the FAA pool of the parasites under various treatments remained same as that of the control; however, quantitatively the level of various FAAs in the parasite was significantly affected. The treated parasites showed a marked decrease in the levels of arginine, ornithine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, glycine, proline, serine, threonine, and taurine following treatment with 20 mg/ml of crude peel extract, 0.5 mg/ml of genistein and 20 mg/ml of the reference drug, though an increase in the levels of glutamic acid, glutamine, phosphoserine, citrulline and GABA was noticeable. Enhanced levels of GABA and citrulline under the influence of genistein may be implicated in alterations of nitric oxide release and consequent neurological change (e.g. paralysis) in the parasite. Ammonia in the tissue homogenate as well as in the incubation medium showed a quantitative increase compared to the controls after treatment with the various test materials. The ammonia level increased by 40.7%, 66.4% and 18.16% in treatments with F. vestita, genistein and oxyclozanide, respectively, at the mentioned dosages. The changes in the levels of the amino acids and nitrogen components post treatment suggest that the amino acid metabolism in the parasite may have been altered under the influence of the test materials.
对粘毛千斤拔的粗根皮提取物、其活性成分染料木黄酮以及作为对照的杀吸虫剂氯硝柳胺进行了抗姜片吸虫（一种大型肠道吸虫）的测试。使用高效液相色谱法测定了姜片吸虫的氨基酸组成，观察到对照虫体的游离氨基酸（FAA）库由天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、甲硫氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、磷酸丝氨酸、牛磺酸、瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸、β-丙氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）组成。在定量分析中，检测到的氨基酸中缬氨酸含量最高。在定性分析中，不同处理下寄生虫的FAA库与对照相同；然而，在定量方面，寄生虫中各种FAA的水平受到显著影响。在用20 mg/ml粗根皮提取物、0.5 mg/ml染料木黄酮和20 mg/ml对照药物处理后，处理过的寄生虫中精氨酸、鸟氨酸、酪氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸和牛磺酸的水平显著下降，不过谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、磷酸丝氨酸、瓜氨酸和GABA的水平有所升高。在染料木黄酮的影响下，GABA和瓜氨酸水平的升高可能与寄生虫中一氧化氮释放的改变以及随之而来的神经变化（如麻痹）有关。与对照相比，用各种测试材料处理后，组织匀浆以及孵育培养基中的氨含量在定量上有所增加。在上述剂量下，用粘毛千斤拔、染料木黄酮和氯硝柳胺处理后，氨水平分别增加了40.7%、66.4%和18.16%。处理后氨基酸和氮成分水平的变化表明，在测试材料的影响下，寄生虫中的氨基酸代谢可能发生了改变。
