Pui Margaret H
Department of Radiology, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main Street West, P.O. Box 2000 Stn A, Hamilton, Ont., L8N 3Z5, Canada.
Comput Med Imaging Graph. 2004 Oct;28(7):425-33. doi: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2004.05.008.
Congenital anomaly of the female reproductive system is associated with higher rate of infertility, spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, premature birth and postpartum bleed. Because of the variable clinical pictures of obstruction of menstrual flow in adolescence to hypomenorrhea, vaginal discharge, dyspareunia, and fertility problems in adult life, early and accurate diagnosis is difficult. Complete uterine and vaginal septum can be easily confused with uterus didelphys. Management of these two müllerian duct anomalies is different. With improved treatment methods for complete relief of symptoms and prevention of further sequelae, comprehensive evaluation is important to identify the underlying problem and formulate appropriate therapeutic plan. The embryology, classification, and clinical presentation of uterine malformation, advantages and limitations of diagnostic methods including hysterosalpingogram, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, laparoscopy, and hysteroscopy are discussed. The imaging features of different types of uterine anomalies are illustrated.
女性生殖系统先天性异常与不孕、自然流产、胎儿宫内生长受限、早产及产后出血的发生率较高相关。由于青春期月经血流受阻至月经过少、阴道分泌物异常、性交困难以及成年期生育问题等临床表现多样，早期准确诊断较为困难。完全性子宫和阴道纵隔容易与双子宫混淆。这两种苗勒管异常的处理方式不同。随着症状完全缓解及预防进一步后遗症的治疗方法不断改进，全面评估对于识别潜在问题并制定合适的治疗方案至关重要。本文讨论了子宫畸形的胚胎学、分类及临床表现，包括子宫输卵管造影、超声、磁共振成像、腹腔镜检查和宫腔镜检查等诊断方法的优缺点。阐述了不同类型子宫异常的影像学特征。
