Larsson Maria, Oberg Christina, Bäckman Lars
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 14, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Psychol Res. 2006 Jan;70(1):68-75. doi: 10.1007/s00426-004-0190-9. Epub 2004 Oct 6.
We examined recollective experience in odor memory as a function of age, intention to learn, and familiarity. Young and older adults studied a set of familiar and unfamiliar odors with incidental or intentional encoding instructions. At recognition, participants indicated whether their response was based on explicit recollection (remembering), a feeling of familiarity (knowing), or guessing. The results indicated no age-related differences in the distribution of experiential responses for unfamiliar odors. By contrast, for familiar odors the young demonstrated more explicit recollection than the older adults, who produced more "know" and "guess" responses. Intention to learn was unrelated to recollective experience. In addition, the observed age differences in "remember" responses for familiar odors were eliminated when odor naming was statistically controlled. This suggests that age-related deficits in activating specific odor knowledge (i.e., odor names) play an important role for age differences in recollective experience of olfactory information.
我们研究了气味记忆中的回忆体验，将其作为年龄、学习意图和熟悉程度的函数。年轻和年长的成年人通过附带或有意的编码指令学习了一组熟悉和不熟悉的气味。在识别时，参与者指出他们的反应是基于明确的回忆（记得）、熟悉感（知道）还是猜测。结果表明，对于不熟悉的气味，体验反应的分布没有年龄相关差异。相比之下，对于熟悉的气味，年轻人比年长者表现出更多的明确回忆，年长者产生更多的“知道”和“猜测”反应。学习意图与回忆体验无关。此外，当对气味命名进行统计控制时，观察到的熟悉气味“记得”反应中的年龄差异被消除。这表明，激活特定气味知识（即气味名称）方面与年龄相关的缺陷在嗅觉信息回忆体验的年龄差异中起重要作用。
