Mäntylä T
Department of Psychology, University of Stockholm, Sweden.
Mem Cognit. 1993 May;21(3):379-88. doi: 10.3758/bf03208271.
Age differences in recollective experience were examined in two experiments in which younger and older adults used their self-generated associations as retrieval cues. When recalling an item, subjects indicated whether they consciously remembered its prior occurrence, or merely knew that it was presented previously. The results of both experiments showed that aging selectively impaired retention accompanied by recollective experience, as measured by remember responses, but had no effects in the absence of recollective experience, as measured by know responses. In Experiment 2, a similar pattern of data was obtained for a group of younger adults by increasing the rate of presentation at study. The results also indicated that judgments of recollective experience were related to type of encoding: Subjects who generated detailed associations reported higher levels of remember responses and lower levels of know responses than did subjects who generated fewer detailed associations. The results are discussed in terms of processes related to perceptual familiarity and contextual detail.
在两项实验中，研究了回忆体验中的年龄差异。在这两项实验中，年轻和年长的成年人使用自己生成的联想作为检索线索。当回忆一个项目时，受试者要表明他们是有意识地记得该项目之前出现过，还是仅仅知道它之前被呈现过。两项实验的结果均表明，衰老选择性地损害了伴有回忆体验的记忆保持（以“记得”反应衡量），但在没有回忆体验的情况下（以“知道”反应衡量）没有影响。在实验2中，通过提高学习时的呈现速度，一组年轻成年人也获得了类似的数据模式。结果还表明，回忆体验的判断与编码类型有关：与生成较少详细联想的受试者相比，生成详细联想的受试者报告的“记得”反应水平更高，“知道”反应水平更低。将根据与感知熟悉度和情境细节相关的过程对结果进行讨论。
