Sheinkopf Stephen J, Mundy Peter, Claussen Angelika H, Willoughby Jennifer
E P Bradley Hospital, Brown Medical School, East Providence, RI 02915, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2004 Spring;16(2):273-91. doi: 10.1017/s0954579404044517.
This study examined whether infant joint attention (JA) skills predicted social behaviors in a sample of at-risk preschool children (n = 30) with a history of prenatal exposure to cocaine. JA behaviors were assessed with the Early Social and Communication Scales at 12, 15, and 18 months of age. Three classes of JA were measured: Initiating JA (IJA), Responding to JA (RJA), and Requests. Behavioral outcomes were measured at 36 months and included ratings of disruptive and withdrawn behaviors and social competence. JA behaviors were related to behavioral outcomes after controlling for language and cognitive ability. The functionally distinct uses of JA were differentially related to behavioral outcome. IJA negatively predicted disruptive behaviors, whereas Requests positively predicted disruptive behaviors. Infant RJA negatively predicted withdrawn behaviors and positively predicted social competence. These results are interpreted in the context of competing theories that attempt to explain variability in the expression of JA skills in the second year of life.
本研究调查了在一组有产前可卡因暴露史的高危学龄前儿童（n = 30）样本中，婴儿的共同注意（JA）技能是否能预测其社交行为。在12、15和18个月大时，使用早期社交与沟通量表对JA行为进行评估。测量了三类JA：发起共同注意（IJA）、回应共同注意（RJA）和请求。在36个月时测量行为结果，包括破坏性行为、退缩行为和社交能力的评分。在控制了语言和认知能力后，JA行为与行为结果相关。JA在功能上的不同用途与行为结果的相关性存在差异。IJA对破坏性行为有负向预测作用，而请求对破坏性行为有正向预测作用。婴儿RJA对退缩行为有负向预测作用，对社交能力有正向预测作用。这些结果是在试图解释生命第二年JA技能表达变异性的竞争理论背景下进行解释的。
