Shkolnikov Vladimir M, Andreev Evgueni M, Anson Jon, Meslé France
Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
Popul Stud (Camb). 2004;58(3):311-29. doi: 10.1080/0032472042000272366.
Russian Jews, particularly men, have a large mortality advantage compared with the general Russian population. We consider possible explanations for this advantage using data on 445,000 deaths in Moscow, 1993-95. Log-linear analysis of the distribution of deaths by sex, age, ethnic group, and cause of death reveals a relatively high concentration of endogenous causes and a relatively low concentration of exogenous and behaviourally induced causes among Jews. There is also a significant concentration of deaths from breast cancer among Jewish women. Mortality estimates using the 1994 micro-census population as the denominator reveal an 11-year Russian-Jewish gap in the life expectancy of males at age 20, but only a 2-year life-expectancy gap for women. Only 40 per cent of the Russian-Jewish difference for men, but the entire difference for women, can be eliminated by adjustment for educational differences between the two ethnic groups. Similarities with other Jewish populations and possible explanations are discussed.
俄罗斯犹太人，尤其是男性，与俄罗斯普通人群相比具有很大的死亡率优势。我们利用1993 - 1995年莫斯科44.5万例死亡数据来探讨造成这种优势的可能原因。对按性别、年龄、种族和死因分类的死亡分布进行对数线性分析发现，犹太人中内源性死因的集中度相对较高，外源性和行为诱发死因的集中度相对较低。犹太女性中死于乳腺癌的人数也显著集中。以1994年微观人口普查数据为分母进行的死亡率估计显示，20岁男性的俄罗斯犹太裔预期寿命差距为11岁，但女性仅为2岁。通过调整两个种族之间的教育差异，男性俄罗斯犹太裔差异中只有40%能够消除，但女性的全部差异都可以消除。文中还讨论了与其他犹太人群体的相似之处及可能的解释。
