Andrade Vanessa Moraes de, Silva Juliana da, Silva Fernanda R da, Heuser Vanina D, Dias Johnny F, Yoneama Maria Lúcia, Freitas Thales R O de
Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2004;44(5):459-68. doi: 10.1002/em.20070.
Industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and municipal wastewaters contain unknown substances and complex mixtures that are released into the environment and can lead to contamination of surface and subsurface waters. In the present report, we have used the alkaline Comet assay and the micronucleus (MN) test to detect the genotoxicity due to multiple sources of pollution in the peripheral blood of two native estuarine fish (mullet and sea catfish) and evaluated possible interactive genotoxic effects from multiple contaminants and the seasonal variation of the genotoxicity. Mullet and sea catfish were captured in the Tramandai and Mampituba Rivers in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Reference animals were obtained from the Armazem lagoon. Fish captured in the two estuaries during the four seasons over a period of 2 years had increased levels of DNA damage and MN frequencies relative to the reference fish. In general, the alkaline Comet assay was more sensitive to the genotoxicity of the river contaminants than the MN test. The Comet assay demonstrated significant differences in fish captured at different seasons and at the two river sites, while the MN test showed significant differences only for the annual average for mullet from both sites and fish from the control site. The increases in DNA damage appear to be related to the increase in the number of people in the towns close to the study areas during the warm spring and summer seasons. Although no specific cause-effect relationships were established, comparison of the chemical contaminants and physical variations in the rivers with the genotoxicity data indicate that there may be some association between hydrocarbons, metals, pH, and water temperature and the level of damaged cells observed in mullet and sea catfish from the Tramandai and Mampituba estuaries.
工业废水、农业径流和城市污水含有未知物质和复杂混合物，这些物质被排放到环境中，可能导致地表水和地下水污染。在本报告中，我们使用碱性彗星试验和微核（MN）试验来检测两种本地河口鱼类（鲻鱼和海鲶）外周血中多种污染源导致的遗传毒性，并评估多种污染物可能产生的交互遗传毒性效应以及遗传毒性的季节变化。鲻鱼和海鲶捕获于巴西南部南里奥格兰德州的特拉曼代河和曼皮图巴河。对照动物取自阿马泽姆泻湖。在两年时间里的四个季节，从两个河口捕获的鱼类相对于对照鱼类，其DNA损伤水平和微核频率有所增加。总体而言，碱性彗星试验比微核试验对河流污染物的遗传毒性更敏感。彗星试验表明，在不同季节和两个河域地点捕获的鱼类存在显著差异，而微核试验仅显示两个地点鲻鱼的年平均值以及对照地点鱼类存在显著差异。DNA损伤的增加似乎与温暖的春季和夏季靠近研究区域的城镇人口数量增加有关。尽管未建立具体的因果关系，但将河流中的化学污染物和物理变化与遗传毒性数据进行比较表明，特拉曼代河和曼皮图巴河口的鲻鱼和海鲶中观察到的受损细胞水平可能与碳氢化合物、金属、pH值和水温之间存在某种关联。
