Houlston R S, McCarter E, Parbhoo S, Scurr J H, Slack J
University Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London.
J Med Genet. 1992 Mar;29(3):154-7. doi: 10.1136/jmg.29.3.154.
The risk of breast cancer in first degree relatives of patients with breast cancer can be derived from family history and is dependent upon the age at diagnosis in the index patient. For the relatives of index patients older than 55, the relative risk is 1.57, if less than 55 the relative risk is 2.29, and 3.85 if less than 45 (95% confidence limits 0.83 to 2.68, 1.18 to 4.01, and 1.67 to 3.85, respectively). First degree relatives of patients with bilateral breast cancer have a 6.43-fold increase in risk (95% confidence limits 1.32 to 18.77). The genetic contribution to overall lifetime liability to breast cancer in the relatives declines rapidly with increasing age of onset of breast cancer in the index patient from 37% at 20 years to 8% by 45 years. This information can be used in clinical practice for counselling and the establishment of screening programmes.
乳腺癌患者一级亲属患乳腺癌的风险可从家族病史得出，且取决于索引患者的诊断年龄。对于诊断年龄超过55岁的索引患者的亲属，相对风险为1.57；若诊断年龄小于55岁，相对风险为2.29；若小于45岁，则为3.85（95%置信区间分别为0.83至2.68、1.18至4.01和1.67至3.85）。双侧乳腺癌患者的一级亲属风险增加6.43倍（95%置信区间为1.32至18.77）。随着索引患者乳腺癌发病年龄的增加，亲属中遗传因素对乳腺癌终生总体患病风险的影响迅速下降，从20岁时的37%降至45岁时的8%。该信息可用于临床实践中的咨询和筛查项目的制定。
